霍金稱宇宙創造無關上帝 宗教界圍攻

霍金稱宇宙創造無關上帝 宗教界圍攻
(明報)2010年9月4日 星期六 05:10
【明報專訊】著名物理學家霍金 （Stephen Hawking）的新書《The Grand Design》下周四（9日）出版，但未出版已惹起軒然大波。根據《泰晤士報》的節錄，霍金在新書中表示，宇宙的創造無關上帝、宇宙本身是單靠物理定律而自發創造。其觀點引起英國 宗教界強烈反彈，英國天主教、基督教、猶太教及伊斯蘭教領袖異口同聲反擊，為宗教護航。

聖公會坎特伯雷大主教坎威廉斯（Rowan Williams）昨反駁，霍金混淆了兩個層次的問題，物理法則只是解釋現實東西之間的關係，但並不單解答「為何是有而非無」這問題。他說﹕「神的信仰並不是為宇宙東西之間填空，而是相信有一智慧存在，而萬物的活動最終都是依賴其存在。」

「宇宙誕生毋須上帝點火」

英國猶太教教長薩克斯（Jonathan Sacks）昨在《泰晤士報》撰文說﹕「科學只是關於解釋，宗教則有關詮釋（interpretation），聖經 對宇宙如何生成並不感興趣。」他的說法獲得英格蘭 及威爾斯天主教大主教尼科爾斯（Vincent Nichols）支持，尼科爾斯亦準備下周在《泰晤士報》撰文反駁霍金。英國穆斯林委員會主席、伊斯蘭教長莫格拉（Ibrahim Mogra）亦聲稱，只要看看宇宙萬物便可得出有神存在的結論。

霍金在書中稱，宇宙起源的「大爆炸」，是物理法則無可避免的結果，「並無必要借助上帝燃點火硝紙，令宇宙誕生」。霍金在新書中，論證一個不給上帝留下席位的科學理論架構，稱物理定律令宇宙自我創造，「因為有萬有引力等定律，宇宙能夠而且會由無中自我創造」，又說自發創造正是為何宇宙存在、為何我們存在的原因。他聲言哲學作為科學已死，並預言物理學快將能全面為所有東西提供理論解釋。

教宗下周訪英添爭議

教宗下周訪英，霍金新書此時更引起爭議。英國知名無神論科學家道金斯（Richard Dawkins）歡迎霍金的結論，指霍金的理論對於自然科學的衝擊，一如達爾文理論對生物學。霍金過去雖然甚少談宗教問題，但他在《時間簡史》寫道，若能得出完整的物理理論，「那會是人類理性的最終勝利，屆時我們會得悉上帝的旨意」。但一些細心的讀者早已感到上帝在霍金的宇宙中並無位置。天文學家薩根（Carl Sagan）為《時間簡史》撰寫前言便稱，霍金說他希望理解上帝的旨意，但該書的結論卻是出乎意外﹕「一個空間無邊際、時間無始終的宇宙，沒有東西留給造物主。」

泰晤士報

http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/100903/4/k1ch.html

霍金稱他不再相信上帝創造宇宙論
2010年09月03日09:34
來源：中國新聞社

據法新社報道，英國著名的物理學家史蒂芬·霍金2日在談到他最近出版的一本新書時稱，他不再相信上帝創造宇宙的說法。

　　霍金說，新的科學理論顯示，解釋生命起源的“自然發生論”完全可以接受。

　　他在新書《大設計》中稱，宇宙起源的大爆炸既不是偶然事件，也不是上帝創造，只是物理法則的必然結果。

　　此前，這位自然科學界的泰斗級人物曾相信神造論和科學並不矛盾。

（責任編輯：魏艷）

http://scitech.people.com.cn/BIG5/12625571.html

上帝並沒創造宇宙：霍金說
God did not create the universe, says Hawking
2010 09 03
By Michael Holden
Reuters.com

God did not create the universe and the "Big Bang" was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking argues in a new book.

In "The Grand Design," co-authored with U.S. physicist Leonard Mlodinow, Hawking says a new series of theories made a creator of the universe redundant, according to the Times newspaper which published extracts on Thursday.

"Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist," Hawking writes.

"It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going."

Hawking, 68, who won global recognition with his 1988 book "A Brief History of Time," an account of the origins of the universe, is renowned for his work on black holes, cosmology and quantum gravity.

Since 1974, the scientist has worked on marrying the two cornerstones of modern physics -- Albert Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, which concerns gravity and large-scale phenomena, and quantum theory, which covers subatomic particles.

His latest comments suggest he has broken away from previous views he has expressed on religion. Previously, he wrote that the laws of physics meant it was simply not necessary to believe that God had intervened in the Big Bang.

He wrote in A Brief History ... "If we discover a complete theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason -- for then we should know the mind of God."

In his latest book, he said the 1992 discovery of a planet orbiting another star other than the Sun helped deconstruct the view of the father of physics Isaac Newton that the universe could not have arisen out of chaos but was created by God.

"That makes the coincidences of our planetary conditions -- the single Sun, the lucky combination of Earth-Sun distance and solar mass, far less remarkable, and far less compelling evidence that the Earth was carefully designed just to please us human beings," he writes.

Hawking, who is only able to speak through a computer-generated voice synthesizer, has a neuro muscular dystrophy that has progressed over the years and left him almost completely paralyzed.

He began suffering the disease in his early 20s but went on to establish himself as one of the world’s leading scientific authorities, and has also made guest appearances in "Star Trek" and the cartoons "Futurama" and "The Simpsons."

Last year he announced he was stepping down as Cambridge University’s Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a position once held by Newton and one he had held since 1979.

"The Grand Design" is due to go on sale next week.

Article from: reuters.com

Stephen Hawking: Physics Leaves No Room For God

http://www.redicecreations.com/article.php?id=12429