西班牙+天主教教會的50年的嬰兒販運，一套CPS並行 - BBC “被盜嬰兒”
2011-10-17
Spain's Stolen Children: Catholic Church Caught Child Trafficking 300,000 Kids to Sell in Adoption
西班牙的被盜兒童：天主教會捕捉兒童 販賣30萬兒童出售收養
2011-10-20
30萬嬰兒從他們的父母被盜 - 及出售給收養：令人感受強烈的BBC記錄片暴露西班牙天主教教會販賣嬰兒的50年醜聞
300,000 babies stolen from their parents - and sold for adoption: Haunting BBC documentary exposes 50-year scandal of baby trafficking by the Catholic church in Spain
By Polly Dunbar
Last updated at 11:55 AM on 16th October 2011
Translation by Autumnson Blog
Up to 300,000 Spanish babies were stolen from their parents and sold for adoption over a period of five decades, a new investigation reveals.
在超過五十年期間高達300,000西班牙嬰兒，從他們的父母被偷走和出售作收養，一項新調查揭示。
The children were trafficked by a secret network of doctors, nurses, priests and nuns in a widespread practice that began during General Franco’s dictatorship and continued until the early Nineties.
兒童被一個醫生、護士、牧師和修女的秘密網絡販賣，開始於佛朗哥將軍的獨裁統治時期及是一種普遍的做法，和繼續直到九十年代初期。
Hundreds of families who had babies taken from Spanish hospitals are now battling for an official government investigation into the scandal.
數百個有從西班牙醫院取走嬰兒的家庭，現正為一項官方政府調查的醜聞努力鬥爭。
Several mothers say they were told their first-born children had died during or soon after they gave birth.
幾位母親說，她們被告知她們的頭胎孩子已經死亡，在他們生下期間或不久後。
身份危機：蘭迪萊德作為一個嬰兒在馬拉加醫院被抱，於1971年由買下他的女子
But the women, often young and unmarried, were told they could not see the body of the infant or attend their burial.
但往往是年輕未婚的婦女，被告知她們不能看嬰幼兒的屍體或參加他們的埋葬。
In reality, the babies were sold to childless couples whose devout beliefs and financial security meant that they were seen as more appropriate parents.
現實是，嬰兒被出售給無兒女的夫婦，其虔誠的信仰和金融保障，意味著他們被視為更合適作父母。
Official documents were forged so the adoptive parents’ names were on the infants’ birth certificates.
官方文件被偽造，所以養父母的名字是在嬰兒的出生證書上。
In many cases it is believed they were unaware that the child they received had been stolen, as they were usually told the birth mother had given them up.
Journalist Katya Adler, who has investigated the scandal, says: ‘The situation is incredibly sad for thousands of people.
‘There are men and women across Spain whose lives have been turned upside-down by discovering the people they thought were their parents actually bought them for cash. There are also many mothers who have maintained for years that their babies did not die – and were labelled “hysterical” – but are now discovering that their child has probably been alive and brought up by somebody else all this time.’
團聚：蘭迪萊德與Manoli Pagador，他相信她可能是他真正的母親
Experts believe the cases may account for up to 15 per cent of the total adoptions that took place in Spain between 1960 and 1989.
It began as a system for taking children away from families deemed politically dangerous to the regime of General Franco, which began in 1939. The system continued after the dictator’s death in 1975 as the Catholic church continued to retain a powerful influence on public life, particularly in social services.
It was not until 1987 that the Spanish government, instead of hospitals, began to regulate adoptions.
The scandal came to light after two men, Antonio Barroso and Juan Luis Moreno, discovered they had been stolen as babies.
Mr Moreno’s ‘father’ confessed on his deathbed to having bought him as a baby from a priest in Zaragoza in northern Spain. He told his son he had been accompanied on the trip by Mr Barroso’s parents, who bought Antonio at the same time for 200,000 pesetas – a huge sum at the time.
‘That was the price of an apartment back then,’ Mr Barroso said. ‘My parents paid it in instalments over the course of ten years because they did not have enough money.’
DNA tests have proved that the couple who brought up Mr Barroso were not his biological parents and the nun who sold him has admitted to doing so.
When the pair made their case public, it prompted mothers all over the country to come forward with their own experiences of being told their babies had died, but never believing it. One such woman was Manoli Pagador, who has begun searching for her son.
A BBC documentary, This World: Spain’s Stolen Babies, follows her efforts to discover if he is Randy Ryder, a stolen baby who was brought up in Texas and is now aged 40.
In some cases, babies’ graves have been exhumed, revealing bones that belong to adults or animals. Some of the graves contained nothing at all.
The BBC documentary features an interview with an 89-year-old woman named Ines Perez, who admitted that a priest encouraged her to fake a pregnancy so she could be given a baby girl due to be born at Madrid’s San Ramon clinic in 1969. ‘The priest gave me padding to wear on my stomach,’ she says.
It is claimed that the San Ramon clinic was one of the major centres for the practice.
Many mothers who gave birth there claim that when they asked to see their child after being told it had died, they were shown a baby’s corpse that appeared to be freezing cold.
The BBC programme shows photographs taken in the Eighties of a dead baby kept in a freezer, allegedly to show grieving mothers.
Despite hundreds of families of babies who disappeared in Spanish hospitals calling on the government to open an investigation into the scandal, no nationally co-ordinated probe has taken place.
As a result of amnesty laws passed after Franco’s death, crimes that took place during his regime are usually not examined. Instead, regional prosecutors across the country are investigating each story on a case-by-case basis, with 900 currently under review.
But Ms Adler says: ‘There is very little political will to get to the bottom of the situation.’
There are believed to be thousands more cases that will never come to light because the stolen children fear their adoptive parents will be seen as criminals.
Many of the families of stolen babies have taken DNA tests in the hope of eventually being matched with their children. Some matches have already been made but, without a nationally co-ordinated database, reuniting lost relatives will be a very difficult process.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2049647/BBC-documentary-exposes-50-year-scandal-baby-trafficking-Catholic-church-Spain.html
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