2010年06月15日05:50
來源：人民網
圖片：阿富汗礦工人民網6月15日電 阿富汗地處中亞腹地，是個遠離大海的內陸國家。人們通過兩場戰爭記住了這個飽經風霜的“悲劇性”山國：先是1979年前蘇聯大軍入侵阿富汗，打了10年后灰溜溜撤走。2001年，美國以“反恐怖”為由，發動戰爭推翻了包庇拉登的塔利班政權。不過，第二場戰爭直到今天依然看不到盡頭。
近日，美軍科學家公開宣稱，阿富汗這樣一個戰亂不止，經濟凋敝的國家其實是個“聚寶盆”，當地已探明但尚未開發的礦產資源總價值就接近1萬億美元，其中包括鐵、銅、黃金和鋰等各類重要資源。不過，這些礦產多蘊藏於阿富汗的崇山峻嶺之中，有些地區還是塔利班武裝的傳統控制區，開發起來比較困難。
據悉，確定阿富汗境內礦產資源蘊藏量的任務，主要是由美軍特別分隊在近期完成的。此前，該分隊建議阿富汗仍然以出口傳統手工藝品和農產品為主。其實，即便是國家安定了，開發阿富汗的礦產資源也絕非易事。這主要是因為當地沒有鐵路運輸網絡系統，再加上電力供應更嚴重不足造成的難題。
美國官員介紹，迄今發現蘊藏量最豐富的是銅礦和鐵礦，足以令阿富汗成為世界上銅、鐵生產大國。另外，阿富汗鋰儲量與玻利維亞相當。后者已探明鋰儲量居世界第一。鋰作為一種稀有礦產，是制造可循環充電電池的重要原材料，在手機、電腦甚至電動汽車中都有廣泛應用。
美軍還發現，阿富汗蘊藏大量鈮礦。有關資料顯示，用鈮制造的合金是眼下一種重要的超導材料。在前蘇聯入侵阿富汗期間，也曾對當地的礦產資源進行過勘探，但未能像美軍分隊這樣“有如此巨大的斬獲”。盡管如此，到底怎麼開發這個“聚寶盆”，依然是各方面亟待解決的難題。
一些西方國家政府因此相信，隻要派出足夠的兵力掃清塔利班余黨，那麼他們將在開發阿富汗境內礦產資源時佔據極其有利的位置。可是，一旦阿富汗地方勢力也要在礦產資源大戰中“分一杯羹”，那麼很可能要將這個國家拖入新的內戰。五角大樓的“智囊”們因此主張繼續增兵，以確保后續工作的順利進行。美國官員擔心，這筆“巨額財富”的發現可能成為一柄雙刃劍。除了塔利班武裝可能因此發動瘋狂反扑，以圖重奪國家控制權外，阿國內腐敗情況可能不僅得不到有效遏制，反而因此惡化。在礦藏富饒地區，中央政府、地方政府和部族首腦間的“博弈”恐怕難以避免。
雖然採礦需要很長時間，但官方及業內人士認為，這些礦產在實現盈利前就能吸引到大量投資，從而為經歷連年戰亂的阿富汗人創造出就業機會。阿富汗經濟目前主要依賴國際援助和鴉片生產，每年的國內生產總值僅為120億美元。阿富汗礦產部的一位顧問說，將來，採礦業可能成為阿富汗經濟的支柱產業。（高軼軍）
http://world.people.com.cn/BIG5/11882451.html
阿富汗遍地金鋰 成資源大國
2010年06月15日
飽受戰爭蹂躪的阿富汗（ Afghanistan），居民生活向來貧困，為免飢腸轆轆捱過寒冬，山區男女老幼會狠吸鴉片。但美國官員透露，阿富汗原來蘊藏礦產資源豐富，未開發的礦產估值高達 1萬億美元（ 7.8萬億港元）。這個全球最窮國其實是世界大資源國。據美國官員透露，阿富汗礦產資源豐富（圖），不只遍地黃金，南部和東部接壤巴基斯坦的地區還有各式各樣礦藏，包括鐵、銅、鋰等。五角大樓一份內部備忘錄更指，阿富汗鋰蘊藏量之豐富，猶如沙地阿拉伯的石油藏量，單是在加茲尼省發現的鋰藏量，相信僅次於全球鋰藏量最多的波利維亞。
除了鋰，阿富汗首都喀布爾西南面也發現了全球其中一個最大銅礦──艾娜克銅礦，銅藏量相當於中國銅礦總藏量 1/3，估值 880億美元（約 6,856億港元）。 2008年，中國冶金科工集團公司以 30億美元（約 234億港元），得到該銅礦 30年長的開採權，開採到的一半銅量歸中國。
阿富汗現時國內生產總值僅 120億美元（約 935億港元），如今發現豐富礦產資源，料可成為其經濟支柱，吸引外資，改變貧窮面貌，但預料也會引起國際社會對其資源的爭奪戰。美國《紐約時報》
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20100615&sec_id=15335&subsec_id=15339&art_id=14136113
報載阿富汗發現近萬億美元礦藏
(星島)2010年6月14日 星期一 13:39
《紐約 時報》指出，美國 在阿富汗 發現價值近1萬億美元 的礦藏，阿富汗有可能成為世界最重要的礦產中心之一。
該報引述美國高級官員消息報道，一個由五角大樓官員與美國地質學家組成的小組，得出上述結論。
報道指出，五角大樓的一份內部備忘錄稱，阿富汗的鐵、銅、鈷、黃金、鋰及其他重要工業金屬的儲量，十分豐富，價值近1萬億美元。
美國官員指出，阿富汗政府與該總統卡爾扎伊 最近已聽取有關上述發現的匯報。
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/100614/3/im6a.html
美在阿發現價值近萬億美元礦藏
2010-6-14
【大公網訊】據《紐約時報》報道，美國地質學家在阿富汗發現了價值近萬億美元的未開發礦藏，其規模之大前所未見。美國官員相信這項發現有可能從根本上改變阿富汗的經濟，甚至扭轉阿富汗戰爭。
報道引述美國官員的話說，發現的礦藏包括鐵、銅、鈷、黃金和用來制造筆記型電腦和手機電池的重要工業金屬鋰等，數量龐大，可能使阿富汗成為世界最重要的礦產中心之一。
據悉，這項新的礦藏分布在阿富汗境內各處，包括南方和東方與巴基斯坦交界、塔利班暴亂頻仍區域。美軍最高指揮官戴維.彼得雷烏斯將軍對《紐約時報》說，「這里蘊藏著驚人的潛能」。
《紐約時報》表示，美國與阿富汗官員已經同意就礦藏發現進行討論。
香港中通社6月14日電
http://www.takungpao.com.hk/news/10/06/14/_IN-1272253.htm
巨大的礦藏在阿富汗
Gigantic mineral riches found in Afghanistan
By Jane Burgermeister
報導：美國在阿富汗發現豐富礦物
Report: US finds mineral riches in Afghanistan
(AP) – 1 hour ago
WASHINGTON — A team of U.S. geologists and Pentagon officials has discovered vast mineral wealth in Afghanistan, conceivably enough to turn the scarred and impoverished country into one of the world’s most lucrative mining centers, The New York Times reports.
“There is stunning potential here,” Gen. David H. Petraeus, commander of the United States Central Command, told the paper in a report published Monday. “There are a lot of ifs, of course, but I think potentially it is hugely significant.”
Americans discovered nearly $1 trillion in untapped mineral deposits in Afghanistan, including iron, copper, cobalt, gold and critical industrial metals like lithium, according to the report. The Times quoted a Pentagon memo as saying Afghanistan could become the “Saudi Arabia of lithium,” a key raw material in the manufacture of batteries for laptops and cell phones.
Read more at:
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ixbAsQE2cup3cqRFmFhi27zPVksAD9GAU6U02
http://birdflu666.wordpress.com/2010/06/14/gigantic-mineral-riches-found-in-afghanistan/
阿富汗人：美國在阿富汗發現豐富礦產
Afghans: US finds mineral riches in Afghanistan
By RAHIM FAIEZ,
Associated Press Writer Rahim Faiez,
– 2 hrs 24 mins ago
KABUL, Afghanistan – U.S. geologists have discovered vast mineral wealth in
Afghanistan, possibly amounting to $1 trillion, President Hamid Karzai's spokesman said Monday.
Waheed Omar
told reporters the findings were made by the U.S. Geological Survey under contract to the Afghan government.
"The result of the survey ... has shown that Afghanistan has
mineral resources worth $1 trillion," Omar said. "This is not an overall survey of all minerals in Afghanistan. Whatever has been found in this survey is worth $1 trillion."
Omar refused to provide details, referring reporters to the Ministry of Mines. An official at the
ministry refused to discuss the survey, saying details would be released at a news conference later this week.
A 2007 report by the
USGS said most of the data on Afghanistan's mineral resources was produced between the early 1950s and 1985 but much was hidden and protected by Afghan scientists "during the intermittent conflict over the next two decades."
The New York Times reported the $1 trillion figure in Monday's edition and quoted senior American officials as saying untapped mineral deposits in Afghanistan are far beyond any previously known reserves and were enough to fundamentally alter the Afghan economy and perhaps the Afghan war itself.
Americans discovered nearly $1 trillion in untapped mineral deposits in Afghanistan, including iron, copper,
cobalt, gold and critical industrial metals like lithium, according to the report. The Times quoted a Pentagon memo as saying Afghanistan could become the "Saudi Arabia of lithium," a key raw material in the manufacture of batteries for laptops and cell phones.
"There is stunning potential here," the newspaper quoted Gen. David H.
Petraeus, commander of the United States Central Command as saying. "There are a lot of ifs, of course, but I think potentially it is hugely significant."
Geologists have known for decades that Afghanistan contained substantial mineral resources, including copper, gold and cobalt. But the resources have never been fully exploited because of decades of armed conflict and poor infrastructure. The Times said huge lithium deposits were found in Ghazni province — much of which is effectively under Taliban control.
During a visit last month to Washington,
Karzai said his nation's untapped mineral deposits could be even higher — perhaps as much as $3 trillion.
The mineral resources are a "massive opportunity," Karzai said at a May 13 event with
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton held at the U.S. Institute of Peace.
The report in the Times said the
USGS began aerial surveys of Afghanistan's mineral resources in 2006, using data that had been collected by Soviet mining experts during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s. Promising results led to a more sophisticated study the next year.
Then last year, a Pentagon task force that had created business development programs in
Iraq arrived in Afghanistan and closely analyzed the geologists' findings. U.S. mining experts were brought in to validate the survey's conclusions, and top U.S. and Afghan officials were briefed.
"I think it's very, very big news for the people of Afghanistan and that we hope will bring
the Afghan people together for a cause that will benefit everyone," Karzai's spokesman, Omar, said. "This is an economic interest that will benefit all Afghans and will benefit Afghanistan in the long run."
So far, the biggest mineral deposits discovered are of iron and
copper, but finds include large deposits of niobium, a soft metal used in producing superconducting steel, as well as rare earth elements and large gold deposits in Pashtun areas of southern Afghanistan, the report said. Many of those areas are too dangerous because of Taliban activity.
Charles Kernot, a mining analyst with Evolution Securities Ltd. in London, said it typically takes three to five years to get a lithium mining operation up and running. Factors include how close the deposit is to power sources and other infrastructure and the size of the deposit.
And large lithium deposits may not mean an automatic windfall — given competition and the uncertainty of the market.
"Bolivia wants to expand its lithium mining operations dramatically over the next few years so there is a risk of oversupply if demand from electric cars does not meet expectations," Kernot said.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100614/ap_on_bi_ge/us_afghanistan_mineral_treasures
阿富汗礦產豐富的故事乃戰爭宣傳
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