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2010年6月10日星期四

手機為蜜蜂的消失負責

手機為蜜蜂的消失負責
Mobile phones responsible for disappearance of honey bee

The growing use of mobile telephones is behind the disappearance of honey bees and the collapse of their hives, scientists have claimed.
移動電話的使用增長,是蜜蜂消失和蜂巢崩潰的背後原因,科學家宣稱。

Dean Nelson in New Delhi
Published: 8:00AM BST 29 May 2010
Britain has seen a 15 per cent decline in its bee population in the last two years Photo: ALAMY
英國的蜜蜂人口在過去兩年已看見15%的下降 圖片:ALAMY

Their disappearance has caused alarm throughout Europe and North America where campaigners have blamed agricultural pesticides, climate change and the advent of genetically modified crops for what is now known as 'colony collapse disorder.' Britain has seen a 15 per cent decline in its bee population in the last two years and shrinking numbers has led to a rise in thefts of hives.
牠們的失踪在整個歐洲和北美引起警報,那裡的運動家指責農藥、氣候變化和轉基因作物的來臨,為現在被稱為'蜂群衰竭紊亂'負責。英國的蜜蜂人口在過去兩年已看見15%的下降,和縮小的數字已導致蜂巢盜竊的上升。
Now researchers from Chandigarh's Punjab University claim they have found the cause which could be the first step in reversing the decline: They have established that radiation from mobile telephones is a key factor in the phenomenon and say that it probably interfering with the bee's navigation senses.
現在從昌迪加爾的旁遮普大學研究人員聲稱,他們已經找到原因那可能是第一步去扭轉下降情况:他們已確定,移動電話的輻射是現象的一個關鍵因素,並說它可能干擾蜜蜂的導航感官。
They set up a controlled experiment in Punjab earlier this year comparing the behaviour and productivity of bees in two hives – one fitted with two mobile telephones which were powered on for two fifteen minute sessions per day for three months. The other had dummy models installed.
他們今年早些時候在旁遮普設立一受控實驗,比較兩個蜂巢蜜蜂的行為和生產力 - 一個裝有兩部手提電話,在3個月期間每天開着15分鐘兩節,另一個安裝有虛擬模型。
After three months the researchers recorded a dramatic decline in the size of the hive fitted with the mobile phon, a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by the queen bee. The bees also stopped producing honey.
3個月後研究人員在裝有移動電話的蜂巢,面積錄得戲劇性跌幅,蜂后下蛋的數目有一顯著的減少蜜蜂亦停止生產蜂蜜。
The queen bee in the "mobile" hive produced fewer than half of those created by her counterpart in the normal hive.
在“手機”蜂巢的蜂后比在正常蜂巢的對口,產下少於一半的蛋。
They also found a dramatic decline in the number of worker bees returning to the hive after collecting pollen. Because of this the amount of nectar produced in the hive also shrank.
他們亦發現,在採花粉後返回蜂巢的工蜂數量急劇下降,由於這,在蜂巢的花蜜生產量也縮小。
Ved Prakash Sharma and Neelima Kumar, the authors of the report in the journal Current Science, wrote: "Increase in the usage of electronic gadgets has led to electropollution of the environment. Honeybee behaviour and biology has been affected by electrosmog since these insects have magnetite in their bodies which helps them in navigation.

"There are reports of sudden disappearance of bee populations from honeybee colonies. The reason is still not clear. We have compared the performance of honeybees in cellphone radiation exposed and unexposed colonies.

"A significant decline in colony strength and in the egg laying rate of the queen was observed. The behaviour of exposed foragers was negatively influenced by the exposure, there was neither honey nor pollen in the colony at the end of the experiment."

Tim Lovett, of the British Beekeepers Association, said that hives have been successful in London where there was high mobile phone use.

"Previous work in this area has indicated this [mobile phone use] is not a real factor," he said. "If new data comes along we will look at it."

He said: "At the moment we think is more likely to be a combination of factors including disease, pesticides and habitat loss."

The UK Government has set aside £10 million for research into the decline of pollinators like bees, but the BBKA claim much more money is needed for research into the problem, including studies on pesticides, disease and new technology like mobile phones.

According to the University of Durham, England's bees are vanishing faster than anywhere else in Europe, with more than half of hives

dying out over the last 20 years.

The most recent statistics from last winter show that the decline in honey bees in Britain is slowing, with just one in six hives lost.

This is still above the natural rate of ten per cent losses, but a vast improvement on previous years.

There has been an increase in the number of thefts of hives across the world and in Germany beekeepers have started fitting GPS tracking devices to their hives.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/7778401/Mobile-phones-responsible-for-disappearance-of-honey-bee.html

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