Morocco is sending 422 imams to Europe for “religious guidance” during Ramadan – which starts today
6 May 2019
Morocco’s Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs is sending 422 imams to Europe for religious guidance during Ramadan.
In an effort to ensure the unity of their community and the preservation of their mosques abroad, scholars will be sent to France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, among other countries the ministry explained.
Morocco has marketed itself as an oasis of religious tolerance and has offered training to imams and male and female preachers of Islam from Africa and Europe on what it describes as moderate Islam.
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.
This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam, which form the basis of how Muslims live their lives. The other pillars are faith, prayer, charity and making the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca.
Fasting is obligatory for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling, are elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic, chronically ill or menstruating.
Fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a natural phenomenon such as the midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca.
While fasting from dawn until sunset, Muslims refrain from consuming food, drinking liquids, smoking, and engaging in sexual relations.
Muslims are also instructed to refrain from sinful behavior that may negate the reward of fasting, such as false speech (insulting, backbiting, cursing, lying, etc.) and fighting except in self-defense.
Eid al-Fitr which is celebrated for one, two or three days, marks the end of Ramadan. It is forbidden to fast on the Day of Eid. Also, a specific prayer is nominated for this day.
As another rituals, Muslims praise God in a loud voice while going to the Eid prayer: “Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar” etc.
Recitation ceases when they get to the place of Eid or once the Imam commences activities. The Eid prayer is performed in congregation in open areas like fields or community centers or at mosques.
The Eid prayer is followed by the sermon and then a supplication asking for Allah’s forgiveness, mercy, peace and blessings for all living beings across the world.
After the prayers, Muslims visit their relatives, friends and acquaintances or hold large communal celebrations in homes, community centres or rented halls. Eid gifts, known as Eidi, are frequently given at Eid to children and immediate relatives.
Ramadan starts either on May 5 or 6 this year depending on the sighting of the crescent moon, and lasts 29-30 days.
https://voiceofeurope.com/2019/05/morocco-is-sending-422-imams-to-europe-for-religious-guidance-during-ramadan-which-starts-today/
外國伊瑪目大量進入德國伊斯蘭化進程觸目驚心！
近日，德國媒體爆料，幾乎所有在德國傳教的伊瑪目都是從其他國家派遣來的，給德國政治安全和社會安全都帶來極大的潛在威脅。這一點讓德國政府和社會學者頗為擔憂。
伊瑪目（Imam）：阿拉伯語單詞，最早源自對穆斯林祈禱主持人的尊稱，又稱領拜師、眾人禮拜的領導者，在伊斯蘭教中有極其重要的地位。
伊瑪目最初的職責僅限領拜。穆斯林祈禱時，所有參加者必須遵守伊瑪目的領導，按伊瑪目的要求完成祈禱儀式。
伊瑪目分為遜尼派（多數派）和什葉派（少數派），遜尼派中伊瑪目是伊斯蘭教集體禮拜時在眾人前面率眾禮拜者；在什葉派中伊瑪目代表教長，即人和真主之間的中介，有特別神聖的意義。（資料來源於網絡）
根據德國康拉德·艾德諾基金會（該基金會與基民盟CDU有關）的調研數據，全德境內一共有2000家清真寺，在這里工作的伊瑪目有90%都來自其他國家，比如土耳其、北非、阿爾巴尼亞、前南斯拉夫、埃及、伊朗，他們分別分佈在德國四大伊斯蘭宗教組織中：
2、還有一部分被派遣到伊斯蘭聯盟Milli Görüs的323家清真寺；
3、另一部分伊瑪目會被分配在伊斯蘭文化中心聯盟下屬的300家清真寺；
4、還有一部分伊瑪目被分配到波斯尼亞穆斯林建立的伊斯蘭牧區下屬的70家清真寺。
參與這項調研的專家Andreas Jacobs表示，從其他國家派遣伊瑪目這樣的傳教體系，其實已經過時了，但是在德國依然在發展當中。原因就是德國沒有合適的培訓伊瑪目的機構。
即便在2018年底，德國總理默克爾曾提出，德國的伊瑪目培訓是非常重要的，要在德國設立培訓機構，培訓伊瑪目的同時，並向他們傳授德國本國社會、歷史等相關知識，但至今仍然沒有實施。
一般來說，德國政府對外來神職人員入境是有最低德語能力要求的。然而事實上，進入德國的絕大多數伊瑪目不僅沒有宗教理論能力、沒有足夠的保證金作為支撐、沒有參加過教授德國知識的培訓機構，同時也沒有相關德語語言證明。他們都是來到德國後，才在當地的清真寺學習德語。另外，這些外來伊瑪目都是依靠來源國支付的報酬和當地捐款來生活的，還有很多人甚至是免費工作的志願者。
基於以上原因，外來伊瑪目都持有旅遊簽證在德國傳教、工作，所以流動性很大。事實上，中國在德國的寺院也存在同樣的現象。
這樣一來，一些外來伊瑪目可能對德國一無所知，就被派遣來傳教。因此也就不排除有政府帶著政治目的派本國伊瑪目進入德國。比如，近兩年，土耳其伊斯蘭聯盟宗教機構（Ditib），就被德國政府懷疑有政治間諜行為，德國警方曾多次進行大規模搜查。
http://huashangbao.com/2019/05/02/%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E7%9B%AE%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%8F%E8%BF%9B%E5%85%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD-%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B%E8%A7%A6%E7%9B%AE%E6%83%8A%E5%BF%83%EF%BC%81/
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