The Creepy Science Behind Genetically Engineered "Frankenfish" About to Enter Our Food Supply Unlabeled
This salmon would be the first genetically engineered animal to enter the U.S. food supply, and the science behind its approval process is frightening.
這三文魚將是第一種基因工程動物進入美國的食品供應，和其審批過程背後的科學是可怕的。
September 13, 2010
When the FDA announced it found the genetically engineered AquAdvantage salmon safe just before Labor Day, news headlines and even Alaska Senator Mark Begich called it a "frankenfish." A closer look at AquAdvantage makes it seem unlikely that Mary Shelley could have ever dreamed up anything as wild as the fast growing GE salmon. Even more worrisome is the science used to justify the salmon's safety, which Consumers Union senior scientist Michael Hansen calls "sloppy," "misleading," and "woefully inadequate."當美藥檢局宣布它發現基因改造的AquAdvantage鮭魚，剛在不會引起爭議的勞動節前夕，新聞頭條及甚至阿拉斯加參議員馬克貝吉奇稱它是“科學怪魚”。近鏡看看AquAdvantage，使它看來不太可能瑪麗雪萊曾能夢想任任何狂野如快速成長的轉基因鮭魚的東西。甚至更令人擔憂的是用以證明鮭魚是安全的科學，那消費者聯盟的一位高級科學家邁克爾漢森稱為“馬虎”、“誤導”和“嚴重不足。”
If approved, AquAdvantage will be the first genetically engineered animal to directly enter the U.S. food supply -- a fact that raises the stakes of the FDA's approval process, as it sets a precedent for all future GE animals. Because of a regulatory decision in the 1980s that no new laws are needed to regulate genetically engineered foods, the FDA is actually regulating the GE salmon as a drug. The next step in the approval process will be a series of public meetings held September 19-21. Already, a number of groups, including Food & Water Watch, the Center for Biological Diversity, Friends of the Earth, and Organic Consumers Association have written to President Obama, urging him to discontinue the approval process for the GE salmon. (Full disclosure: I serve on the Policy Advisory Board of the Organic Consumers Association, but I was not a part of the decision to sign onto this letter.)
如獲批准，AquAdvantage將成為第一種基因工程動物直接進入美國食品供應 - 一項事實即會提升FDA批准迨過程的賭注，因為它設置一個先例給今後所有的轉基因動物。由於在80年代的一項規管決定，沒有需要新法律來規範基因改造食品， FDA實際上是在規管GE鮭魚作為一類藥物。審批過程的下一步將是一系列的公開諮詢在 9月19-21日舉行，已有數個小組，包括食品和水觀察、生物多樣性中心、地球之友、及有機消費者協會曾致函奧巴馬總統，敦促他停止GE鮭魚的審批程序。 （全面披露：我在有機消費者協會的政策諮詢委員會服務，但我不是決定簽署這封信的一部份。）
The company that developed the GE salmon, AquaBounty Technologies, claims the fish grows to market weight in 16 to 18 months instead of the usual 30 required for farmed Atlantic salmon. The fish was created by inserting genetic material of both Chinook (the largest variety of Pacific salmon) and ocean pout (an eel-like fish) into the genome of Atlantic salmon. The commercialized fish will all be females, making them unable to breed. AquaBounty's intellectual property will be further protected because the fish will be sterile, as they will all be triploids (fish with three complete sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two).
如何製造科學怪魚
How to Make Frankenfish
To create the fish, AquaBounty begins with eggs of GE Atlantic salmon females and fertilizes them with irradiated sperm of another similar fish species, Arctic char. The eggs are then pressure-treated, causing them to produce diploid offspring (i.e. fish with two complete sets of chromosomes), with both sets of chromosomes originating from the GE female salmon. The all-female GE diploid salmon will then be treated with 17-methyltestosterone, a hormone that turns the fish into what AquaBounty calls "neomales" -- genetically female fish that produce milt (sperm) instead of eggs. The milt from the GE neomales will fertilize the eggs of non-GE Atlantic salmon, and the resulting fertilized eggs will be treated with pressure to produce the final product, a line of all-female triploid GE Atlantic salmon.
According to AquaBounty's plans, the GE salmon will begin their lives at a hatchery in Prince Edward Island, Canada and then transfer to a grow-out facility in Panama. Unlike most salmon, which begin their lives in freshwater before transferring to saltwater, the GE salmon will live their entire lives in freshwater. The good news is that currently there are no plans to raise the GE salmon in open net pens in the ocean, a method of salmon farming that has resulted in massive damage to wild salmon populations as well as frequent escapes of farmed salmon into the ocean.
http://www.alternet.org/story/148156/why_the_fda_is_ignoring_flawed_science_and_deeming_a_new_ge_%27frankenfish%27_safe_to_eat_and_sell_un-labeled/
巨型弗蘭肯三文魚來臨中
基因改造魚周身肌肉
科學家創造轉基因'科學怪魚' 增長3倍於正常三文
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