俄羅斯火山噴發送出火山灰四公里高
2011年02月07日
俄羅斯火山活動引發全球關注
Russian volcano activity causes global concern
bne - 07.02.2011
Translation by Autumnson Blog
Now the world has something else to grip about when it comes to Russia - the weather.
現在世界有別的事情困擾，當來到俄羅斯 - 天氣。
A string of volcanoes on Russia's eastern seaboard of Kamchatka have been unusually active for the last six months. The dust they threw up diverted winds in the Arctic, pushing cold air over Europe and North America and causing the unusually cold winter this year, say scientists.
在俄羅斯東海岸堪察加半島的一列火山在過去六個月一直異常活躍，它們吐出來的灰塵令北極的風轉向，推動在歐洲和北美上空的冷空氣，並造成今年冬天異常寒冷，科學家們說。
The volcanoes (160 in total, of which 29 are active) are still on the go and could create more problems this year, depressing harvests around the world just as global food prices soar and culminating in a second freezing winter next Christmas.
火山群（總共160座， 其中29座是活躍的）仍在繼續並可能在今年造成更多的問題，壓低在世界各地的收成當全球糧食價格飆升，和最終在下一個聖誕節帶來第二個寒冬。
The eruptions have come at the worst possible time. The Pacific Ocean has already been cooled by the so-called La Nina - which contributed to the deluge in Australia and Tropical Cyclones - while at the same time the Atlantic Ocean is warmer than usual, say climatologists. Erste Bank says the combination of this means the weather forecast for the first quarter of this year is extreme, which will hit both the agricultural and mining sectors, sending already spiking prices up even faster. "These climatic conditions reduce the outlooks of harvest for agricultural commodities (last year was also bad) and prevent the mining of commodities like coal," says Erste. "The extreme weather will probably culminate in the [first quarter] - this is the reason why the prices of commodities will be influenced by this weather... then an acceleration of consumer inflation... There are also problems for transport due to strong storms."
The combination shifts wind patterns around the world, but the spanner in the works has been the Kamchatka volcanoes, which are throwing massive amounts of dust into the air, causing the Arctic to become even colder and Arctic winds to push farther south, resulting in a very drastic change in patterns. "Kamchatka tends to be somewhat active - but recently it has been ridiculous! Since late November, Kizimen, Sheveluch, Karymsky, and Kliuchevskoi have been erupting almost constantly," Evelyn Browning Garriss writes in the Browning Newsletter, a monthly weather publication.
Volcanic ash screens out the sun, cooling the air below. This lowers air pressures, which in turn changes wind patterns, especially in the Arctic. The upshot is, Browning Garriss says, "the cold air normally trapped around the North Pole surges south."
This has caused some bizarre weather. The UK was colder than Russia on Christmas Day, while New York was buried under heavy snow.
The cold weather has already impacted agriculture. Australia's wheat crop was down by 10% in December - the worst fall in 100 years - and Russia's agriculture ministry is forecasting a grain harvest of 80m-85m tonnes; better than last year, but still well down on the bumper 2008 crop of 110m tonnes. Coupled with last season's severe drought in Argentina, floods in Brazil and Venezuela, odd weather in the agricultural parts of China, and food prices have already soared.
What happens throughout the rest of this year will depend entirely on the volcanic activity, reckons Browning Garriss, which by its nature is impossible to predict.
Source : bne
http://www.balkans.com/open-news.php?uniquenumber=92582
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