歐盟準備建立龐大跨大西洋的人臉識別數據庫，與美國建立聯網

看到這消息你會明白英歐和美國對香港的運動為何若即若離吧?!一方面它們打著人權的旗幟,叧一方面在運動中反對中共剝削人權的議題,它們根本就預備要推行。强國內發生的一切殘暴不仁的事情只不過是新世界秩序的先鋒實驗吧。靠人不如靠自己。

歐盟準備建立龐大跨大西洋的人臉識別數據庫，與美國建立聯網

EU poised to create massive transatlantic facial-recognition database, link with US

22 Feb, 2020

...掃描個人DNA，指紋和車輛登記數據庫，該報告要求歐盟立法來建立和連接國家級的面部識別數據庫，潛在可能直通美國的。
...scanning of individual DNA, fingerprint, and vehicle registration databases, the report calls for EU legislation that would create and connect country-level facial recognition databases, potentially all the way to the US.

The EU is laying the groundwork for a massive international facial recognition database that may someday hook into the one maintained by the US, according to leaked internal documents.

National police forces of 10 EU member states are calling for a legal framework to create a massive system of interlinked facial recognition databases “as quickly as possible,” a report leaked to the Intercept on Friday reveals. Austria is leading the way on the project, which was still in its early phases as of November, when the report initially circulated among EU officials.

Produced as part of a project to expand Prüm, the EU-wide database-cross-referencing system that already allows for all-at-once scanning of individual DNA, fingerprint, and vehicle registration databases, the report calls for EU legislation that would create and connect country-level facial recognition databases, potentially all the way to the US. Because the US already has a Prüm-like exchange in place with countries that are part of the Visa Waiver Program, including most EU member states, some – including the alarmed EU official who allegedly leaked the report to the Intercept – believe any future facial recognition database network would include the US by default.

Brussels is pouring significant resources into plotting out this layer of the surveillance state, involving both private and public sector. Consulting firm Deloitte was paid €700,000 last year to deliver a report on upgrades to Prüm, focusing in part on facial recognition, while a €500,000 initiative bankrolled by the European Commission engaged a group of public agencies to “map the current situation of facial recognition in criminal investigations in all EU member states” with the goal of moving “towards the possible exchange of facial data.”

In April 2019, legislation merged five EU databases holding fingerprints, facial scans, and other biometric data to create a single repository of information on 300 million non-EU citizens. While Deloitte recommended the EU do the same with police facial recognition databases in its November report, law enforcement officials apparently balked. However, linking the various countries’ facial scan databases with a Prüm-like cross-check system would ultimately have the same privacy repercussions as merging them.

Because the US Department of Homeland Security has required participants in the Visa Waiver Program to adopt data-sharing agreements ever since 2015, any facial recognition databases constructed going forward would presumably have their contents shareable with the US. This has been something the US has pursued in Brussels since at least 2001, when Washington negotiated a pair of agreements to share both analytical and personal data between Europol and US law enforcement agencies; however, Europol's inability to collect the data itself meant it was dependent on what was supplied by member states. A facial recognition database in every nation, hooked into a central data-sharing network, creates an enviable transatlantic trough at which everyone's law enforcement can feed.

The rollout of facial recognition in Europe hasn’t been smooth, however. Efforts to deploy it as a policing tool in Scotland were placed on hold earlier this month, after a parliamentary committee concluded human rights concerns made it unfeasible. A pilot program in London is expected to begin this month, despite harsh criticism from civil liberties groups, after an earlier program was declared a failure last January.

The US has also hit a few bumps in the road in its march toward a facial-recognition-enabled surveillance state. In December, the Department of Homeland Security canceled a program that would have required all Americans to submit to compulsory facial scans at airports after concerns about both privacy and whether the technology was able to perform.

Meanwhile, the US is expanding and consolidating its own biometric databases, paralleling the EU’s streamlining of Prüm. Last June, DHS added DNA profiles and “relationship patterns” gleaned from social media to its upgraded Homeland Advanced Recognition Technology (HART) System, bringing the existing database – which already includes fingerprints, iris scans, and facial recognition – onto the Amazon cloud, where most other US government agencies already store their data.

https://www.rt.com/news/481441-eu-facial-recognition-database-surveillance/

表裏不一:

歐盟擬白皮書　禁止在公共場所使用人臉識別

  2020/01/17

人臉識別技術爭議不斷。英國日前警方於威爾斯卡迪夫球場外，試用人臉識別技術掃描球迷，並拘捕曾被列入黑名單的人，引起大量球迷不滿。外媒報道指，歐盟委員會隨即草擬一項計畫，在3到5年內禁止在公共場所使用人臉識別技術，以便研究如何防止相關技術被濫用。

據路透社報道指，歐盟委員會在一份長達18頁的白皮書中提出，計畫在3至5年內，禁止所有人在公共場所使用人臉識別技術。委員會指出，必須儘快更新監管政策，包括有時間限制地禁止使用人臉識別技術，加強保護大眾私隱及數據。白皮書亦寫到，在禁令期間，可以評估人臉識別技術帶來的影響，以及制訂風險管理措施。

文件亦建議人工智能（AI）的開發者和用戶均要承擔責任。新政策實施後，歐盟國家亦應該任命相關機構來進行監督。歐盟委員會將在做出最終決定之前，徵求反饋意見，而歐盟競爭事務專員韋斯塔格（Margrethe Vestager）將與下月提出建議。

事實上，目前多個歐盟國家已開始準備試行人臉識別技術，除了英國外，法國政府官員亦在去年平安夜宣布為期6個月到1年的人臉識別技術試驗，將在公共場合開始進行，但卻沒有公布具體實施日期。而是次歐盟的白皮書計畫會否影響法國，甚至即將脫歐的英國，就讓我們拭目以待。

責任編輯：曾曉汶

https://inews.hket.com/article/2544715/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F%E6%93%AC%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8%E3%80%80%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%9C%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%89%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5