一種新品種的基因工程疫苗：將能控制我們的DNA和心靈

一種新品種的基因工程疫苗：將能控制我們的DNA和心靈
A New Breed of Genetically Engineered Vaccines Will Take Control of Our DNA and Minds
preventdisease.com
Aug 4, 2010

Academics say they are close to developing the first vaccine to pacify people in a single jab, while in other circles the military plans to inject troops with gas-propelled, electro-charged DNA.
學者說他們接近開發第一種疫苗以一針便可安撫人們，而在其它圈子，軍方正計劃注射部隊以氣體驅動、帶電荷的DNA。
Dr Robert Sapolsky, professor of neuroscience at Stanford University in California, believes it is possible to alter brain chemistry to create a state of ‘focused calm’.
加州斯坦福大學神經科學教授羅伯特薩波斯基博士，相信它是可能改變大腦的化學物質，去創造一'集中平靜'的狀態。
Professor Sapolsky claims he is on the path to a genetically engineered formula that would remove the need for human beings to feel threatened.
薩波斯基教授聲稱他是在一基因工程程式的路途上，那會移除人類感到被威脅的需要。
But Professor Sapolsky has observed that, while a zebra will turn off the stress chemicals after escaping from a lion, modern man not only produces too many glucocorticoids in response to everyday alarms but cannot turn them off afterwards.It would leave you fresher and ready to deal with another threat, so you can maintain your drive, but with more focused calm rather than bad temper and digestion.
但薩波斯基教授已觀察到，雖然斑馬會關閉壓力化學物在逃離獅子後，現代人不僅生產過多的糖皮質激素在回應每天的警報，但不能在其後將它們關閉掉。它會留給你更清新、準備面對的另一個威脅，所以你可以保持你的動力，但更側重冷靜，而不是壞脾氣和消化。
‘This could change society.’ Professor Sapolsky’s preparatory work was published last October by the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
'這能改變社會。'薩波斯基教授的準備工作去年10月由美國國立衛生研究院發佈。
Meanwhile, the Army’s got a one-two punch to quickly develop inoculations that stave off new dangers. First, they’ll shoot troops up using a “gene gun,” that’s filled with DNA-based vaccines. Then they’ll follow it up with “short electrical pulses to the delivery site.”
與此同時，軍隊得到一雙重打擊，去快速開發新的疫苗接種那避開新危險。首先，他們將射部隊以一枝“基因槍，”那是充滿 DNA基璴的疫苗。然後他們就會跟進以“短電脈衝至傳遞地点。”
In a small business solicitation released last week, the Army put out a call for “Multiagent Synthetic DNA Vaccines Delivered by Noninvasive Electroporation.” The program would start by transforming conventional development methods, like standard egg-based vaccines.The old-school methods are slow, don’t allow for readily combined vaccines, and can pose sterility risks. DNA-based vaccines, on the other hand, would be quick to engineer and offer reliable immunity — provided the DNA can enter host cells to trigger the production of immunity proteins.

Right now, DNA-based vaccines are injected into muscles, meaning a genetically engineered plasmid is delivered to “intracellular spaces,” and “is not efficiently taken up by the host cells.” So the Army would instead like to shoot people. Seriously.

In its solicitation, the Army says it wants DNA vaccines that are painted onto microscopic beads, then “deposited into skin cells by gas propulsion.” And since that method can only inject a small dose of DNA, they want researchers to combine the approach with intramuscular electroporation, which “involves injecting the DNA then quickly applying short electrical pulses.” The electric charge creates pores in cell membranes, making it easier for DNA to enter targeted cells.

Current approaches to intramuscular electroporation are invasive, and, obviously, they hurt. One study in rats also noted the “possibility of low and transient tissue damage induced by electroporation.” The Army wants a gadget that doesn’t rely on jamming needles and electrical pulses into muscle, and instead are after “injection and noninvasive electroporation [that] can be performed using a single integrated device.”

Sources:
wired.com
dailymail.co.uk

http://www.prisonplanet.com/a-new-breed-of-genetically-engineered-vaccines-will-take-control-of-our-dna-and-minds.html

刺戳能制止壓力而我們沒有放慢下來
Jab that could put a stop to stress without slowing us down
By Rachel Quigley
Last updated at 10:32 AM on 2nd August 2010

Forget the age-old remedies of yoga, meditation or popping pills. Relieving chronic stress could soon be as simple as having an injection, according to scientists.
忘記歷史悠久的瑜伽、冥想或藥丸療法，緩解長期慢性壓力可能很快就會簡單到一次的注射，據科學家。
Academics say they are close to developing the first vaccine for stress - a single jab that would help us relax without slowing down.

After 30 years of research into cures for stress, Dr Robert Sapolsky, professor of neuroscience at Stanford University in California, believes it is possible to alter brain chemistry to create a state of 'focused calm'.

Professor Sapolsky claims he is on the path to a genetically engineered formula that would remove the need for relaxation therapies or prescription drugs.

Chronic stress, as opposed to everyday worries, is linked to illnesses ranging from diabetes to heart attacks. Professor Sapolsky, who first observed the damage caused by stress on animals in Kenya, has been studying hormones called glucocorticoids, which are part of the body's immune system and help fight cancer and inflammation.

All mammals produce these hormones, which help them deal with a threat - often by running away.

But Professor Sapolsky has observed that, while a zebra will turn off the stress chemicals after escaping from a lion, modern man not only produces too many glucocorticoids in response to everyday alarms but cannot turn them off afterwards.

He says the hormone becomes toxic both biologically, by destroying brain cells and weakening the immune system, and socially, when people continue to snap at their friends or family hours after the original cause of tension has vanished.

After early setbacks, the Stanford team has adapted a herpes virus to carry engineered 'neuroprotective' genes deep into the brain to neutralise the rogue hormones before they can cause damage. The virus is now shown to work on rats.

'To be honest, I'm still amazed that it works,' Professor Sapolsky told Wired magazine recently.
He warned that human trials are years away, but added: 'We have proved that it's possible. We can reduce the neural damage caused by stress.'

Last week, a Stanford University colleague, who called the potential vaccine 'the Sapolsky shot', said: 'In humans this engineered virus would short-circuit the neural feedback caused by stress, that lingering feeling of tension after a crisis has passed.

'It would leave you fresher and ready to deal with another threat, so you can maintain your drive, but with more focused calm rather than bad temper and digestion.

'This could change society.' Professor Sapolsky's preparatory work was published last October by the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

Of course, until the vaccine has been completed, those feeling overstretched will have to resort to more tried and tested methods.

Last week, Professor Sapolsky left Stanford to take his own 'proven medicine' for stress: He turned off his email and is spending August with his family.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1299540/Jab-stop-stress-slowing-down.html

軍隊的疫苗計劃：注射部隊以氣體驅動、帶電荷的DNA
Army’s Vaccine Plan: Inject Troops With Gas-Propelled, Electro-Charged DNA
By Katie Drummond
August 3, 2010 8:38 am
The Army’s got a one-two punch to perfect vaccinations and offer scientists the ability to quickly develop inoculations that stave off new dangers. First, they’ll shoot troops up using a “gene gun,” that’s filled with DNA-based vaccines. Then they’ll follow it up with “short electrical pulses to the delivery site.”

The Pentagon’s still after a comprehensive way to inoculate troops and civilians against existing illnesses, rapidly respond to emerging threats, and even predict pathogenic mutations before they happen. To that end, the military’s already funding a handful of projects, from plant-based vaccine production to genetic signatures for ultra-early diagnosis.

In a small business solicitation released last week, the Army put out a call for “Multiagent Synthetic DNA Vaccines Delivered by Noninvasive Electroporation.” The program would start by transforming conventional development methods, like standard egg-based vaccines.

The old-school methods are slow, don’t allow for readily combined vaccines, and can pose sterility risks. DNA-based vaccines, on the other hand, would be quick to engineer and offer reliable immunity — provided the DNA can enter host cells to trigger the production of immunity proteins.

Right now, DNA-based vaccines are injected into muscles, meaning a genetically engineered plasmid is delivered to “intracellular spaces,” and “is not efficiently taken up by the host cells.” So the Army would instead like to shoot people. Seriously.


In its solicitation, the Army says it wants DNA vaccines that are painted onto microscopic beads, then “deposited into skin cells by gas propulsion.” And since that method can only inject a small dose of DNA, they want researchers to combine the approach with intramuscular electroporation, which “involves injecting the DNA then quickly applying short electrical pulses.” The electric charge creates pores in cell membranes, making it easier for DNA to enter targeted cells.

Sounds great, except that current approaches to intramuscular electroporation are invasive, and, obviously, they hurt. One study in rats also noted the “possibility of low and transient tissue damage induced by electroporation.” The Army wants a gadget that doesn’t rely on jamming needles and electrical pulses into muscle, and instead are after “injection and noninvasive electroporation [that] can be performed using a single integrated device.”

DNA-based vaccines are also still in their infancy: in 2005, the first-ever DNA vaccine for horses was approved, but human trials have yet to generate stellar results. And speaking of invasive: the Army’s delivery method of choice, gene guns, use helium gas to blast DNA into cells and often require surgically exposed muscle tissue to get the job done.

In other words, the Army’s asking for a non-invasive way to do what’s not yet possible, even using surgical methods. If researchers do come up with a device that meets the lofty criteria, though, it’d be just what the Pentagon’s looking for: a reliable way to engineer and deliver combination vaccines — not to mention a quick way to fight back against “unknown, emerging, or genetically engineered pathogens.”

Photo: Defense Link
http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/08/armys-vaccine-plan-inject-troops-with-gas-propelled-electro-charged-dna/

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