Chile earthquake: tsunami hits New Zealand
The first waves of the tsunami triggered by the earthquake in Chile have hit New Zealand's eastern Chatham Islands and officials have warned bigger waves are to follow.
智利地震引發的海嘯，第一波已襲擊了紐西蘭的漆咸群島東部，和官員已警告跟住會有更大波浪。
By Philip Sherwell in New York
Published: 6:25PM GMT 27 Feb 2010
Boaters at the quay in Honolulu loaded up with supplies and sailed their vessels offshore where they would be better able to ride out the waves Photo: AP
在夏威夷碼頭的划船者上貨，和將船隻航行至離岸，在那裡他們將更能渡過大浪 圖片：美聯社
The PTWC issued a tsunami warning, its highest alert, for the entire Pacific region Photo: AP
New Zealand's entire east coast is at risk with waves up to three metres (10 feet) expected to hit the Chatham Islands and Banks Peninsula, near the main South Island city of Christchurch.
"It is expected that the greatest wave heights will occur between six and 12 hours after the initial arrivals," the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management said in a statement.
Residents on the Chatham Islands were moved to higher ground several hours before the first wave struck and residents in low-lying areas of Banks Peninsula had been told to be prepared to evacuate.
The biggest tsunami warning in history was marked by alarm sirens, panic buying and mass evacuations across the Pacific, eastern Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
The Chilean earthquake triggered a tsunami that radiated across the Pacific basin and swamped the island chain that inspired the story of Robinson Crusoe.
The warnings came barely five years after the 2004 Asian tsunami sparked by an underwater quake off Indonesia inundated coastal communities with waves up to 100 ft high, claiming an estimated 230,000 lives.
Chile's Juan Fernandez islands, about 400 miles off the coast, were the first to feel the full force of the tsunami and "serious damage" was reported.
The chain includes Robinson Crusoe island, named after Daniel Defoe's protagonist, and another named after Alexander Selkirk, the Scottish sailor on whose real life experiences the novel is said to be based.
Michelle Bachelet, the Chilean President, said an evacuation of coastal areas on Easter Island, the Chilean territory famous for its monumental statues, was launched as the tsunami approached.
Unlike during the devastating Dec 2004 tsunami, emergency officials across much of the Pacific had several hours to prepare for the impact and arrange evacuations.
"We've got a lot of things going for us," said Charles McCreery, director of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) in Hawaii. "We have a reasonable lead time. We should be able to alert everyone in harm's way to move out of evacuation zones."
In Hawaii, supermarkets were packed during pre-dawn hours as people stripped the shelves of bottled water, basic foodstuffs and other essentials such as water. Cars lined up 15 deep at petrol stations.
Locals and tourists began to evacuate beachfront communities and hotels as the first warning sirens were sounded at 6am local time, five hours before waves of up to six feet were expected to hit.
Boaters at the quay in Honolulu loaded up with supplies and sailed their vessels offshore where they would be better able to ride out the waves rather than risk being battered at shore.
Nervous cruise ship passengers were also assured that while tsunamis can turn into colossal waves near land, their impact out at sea is limited.
The PTWC issued a tsunami warning, its highest alert, for the entire Pacific region, including countries as far away as Russia and Japan.
California and Alaska were issued a separate tsunami advisory.
New Zealand also issued a tsunami alert, warning of a wall of water up to 10 feet high. The National Crisis Management Centre warning said the greatest wave heights were expected between six and 12 hours after the initial arrivals.
Waves up to six ft high struck parts of French Polynesia and residents were warned to remain vigilant as tsunamis can consist of several surges and the first is usually not the strongest.
Several Chilean coastal towns were pounded by waves up to nine feet high during a holiday weekend when many people are on holiday at the beach for the official end of summer.
Residents and tourists on Ecuador's Galapagos archipelago - where Charles Darwin conducted research that led to his theory of evolution - were moved to high ground before unusually strong waves struck the shore.
Dr Brian Baptie, British Geological Survey's Head of Seismology, explained why most of the Pacific region would have time to prepare. "Tsunami waves in the deep ocean travel at about the same speed as a jet plane and would take about 15 hours to reach Hawaii and about 20 hours to reach the other side of the Pacific," he said.
Dr David Rothery of the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the Open University, said: "A magnitude 8 quake is a rare event. On average there is only about one of these per year, globally. This one was caused by the floor of the Pacific Ocean being pushed below South America. Because the epicentre was under the sea, the sudden jerking of the sea-floor displaced water and triggered a tsumani."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7332468/Chile-earthquake-tsunami-hits-New-Zealand.html
國家海洋預報中心：智利地震海嘯對我國大陸沿海無影響
2010年02月28日01:04
來源：人民網
人民網北京2月28日電 (記者杜博) 27日，國家海洋環境預報中心發布海嘯信息稱，北京時間27日15時49分南美洲智利中部近岸發生的8.6級地震所引發的海嘯對我國大陸沿海無影響。
記者在國家海洋環境預報中心網站海嘯警報欄目中看到，這份編號為海嘯2010-0227-1549-1的海嘯信息是於27日16時15分發布的，簽發人為王輝。據媒體報道，王輝任國家海洋環境預報中心常務副主任。
記者注意到，國家海洋預報中心發布的消息海嘯信息，距智利發生地震時間僅不足半小時。截止發稿時為止，國家海洋預報中心沒有最新的海嘯信息發布。
另據報道，交通運輸部２８日發出航行公告，提醒船舶注意智利地震及引發的海嘯對海上航行安全的影響。交通運輸部稱，目前已及時通知各大航運公司，要求各公司提醒船舶注意航行安全。並通過海岸電台發布航行警告，提醒擬到相關水域的船舶提前採取措施，確保航行安全。
據悉，中國地震局就智利地震也做了緊急部署。智利發生地震后，中國地震局迅即召開緊急會議，研究部署地震應急處置工作，中國國際救援隊正密切關注震情信息，並將根據國家統籌部署決定下一步行動。
中國地震局應急救援司緊急救援處處長王志秋說，中國國際救援隊目前正密切關注智利地震的災情信息，並將根據國家統籌部署，決定是否趕赴災區開展救援行動。
根據媒體援引外電報道，智利當地時間27早上，由8.8級地震引發的7.7英尺(約2.34米)高巨浪襲擊了智利海濱城市塔爾卡瓦諾。位於夏威夷的太平洋海嘯預警中心27日向所有太平洋沿岸國家發布海嘯預警，稱由南美洲國家智利裡氏8.8級強烈地震引發的海嘯將在未來24小時之內襲擊多個亞洲沿海國家、澳大利亞以及新西蘭。
日本氣象廳在27日晚7時在東京召開緊急新聞發布會說，海嘯將於28日下午1時抵達日本。根據計算，海嘯高度將達到1米左右。日本氣象廳稱將在海嘯最早達到(28日早6時)的夏威夷島首先獲得數據，然后在到達日本兩個小時前，發布警報。
據太平洋海嘯預警中心表示，目前由智利8.8級地震引發的海嘯正波及整個太平洋，將可能在日本附近以4英尺（約1.22米）左右的大浪結束。
目前來自美國夏威夷最新消息稱，智利發生8.8級大地震后，美國夏威夷今天早晨拉響海嘯最高警報，要求海岸附近的人員和船隻迅速撤離，希洛國際機場被迫關閉。
據台灣媒體27日報道，智利今天發生裡氏8.8級大地震，太平洋海嘯警報中心警告可能有海嘯的地區包括台灣。台“中央氣象局”表示，正密切觀察中，但並未發布警報。相關官員稱，根據歷史經驗，東太平洋地震引發的海嘯，並未在西太平洋造成海嘯。1960年時，智利曾發生裡氏規模9.5地震，台灣也未發生海嘯。
相關資料：
海嘯是由海底地震、火山爆發、海底滑坡等產生的破壞性海浪。在深海大洋，海嘯波以每小時800 公裡以上的速度傳播，但波高卻隻有幾十厘米或更小。當海嘯波移近岸邊淺水區時，波速會減慢，波高陡增，可形成十數米或更高的水牆。隨著海嘯波向陸移動，由於受海灣、海港或瀉湖等特殊地形的影響，海嘯波的高度會進一步上升。據觀測，大海嘯的波高可達30 米以上。即使波高隻有3至6米的海嘯，也極具破壞力，可造成嚴重傷亡。
海嘯對所有瀕海居民的生命財產構成極大威脅。近100年以來，全球共發生7次死亡人數過千人的大海嘯，其中，1908年12月28日意大利墨西拿地震發海嘯，在近海掀起高達12米的巨大海嘯，海嘯中死難82,000人。1960年5月21日至27日，智利沿海地區發生震群型地震，最大震級8.4級，引起的25米高的海嘯。海嘯使智利一座城市中的一半建筑物成為瓦礫，沿岸100多座防波堤壩被沖毀，2000余艘船隻被毀，10,000人喪生，損失5.5億美元。2004年12月26日，印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島以北印度洋海域發生8.5級強烈地震，並引發海嘯，東南亞和南亞數個國家受波及，造成15.6萬人死亡，這可能是世界近200多年來死傷最慘重的海嘯災難。
避災注意事項
1、在學校得知海嘯警告，應遵照老師和學校工作人員的指示行動。
2、在家中得知海嘯警告，應立即通知所有家人，遵從事先准備的應急預案，有秩序及安全地撤離到疏散點或撤離至受海 嘯影響區外的安全地方，然后按照當地政府的指示行事。
3、在海灘、入海的河口及鄰近海的地方，感到地面震動，看到海水忽然退卻至海床外露，聽到海嘯如火車行走般的咆哮 聲，或者收到海嘯警報，必須立刻通知各親朋好友，盡快跑往高處。
4、對於局地海嘯，當感到地面晃動時，可能隻剩幾分鐘的時間跑往高處。
5、在接到海嘯警告時，如不能迅速跑往瀕海內陸高地，就近撤離到附近鋼筋混凝土高層酒店。但位於沿岸低窪地區的房屋和小型建筑物的設計，大都不能抵御海嘯的沖擊，如有海嘯警報，別停留在這些建筑物內。
6、 珊瑚礁和淺水區可能有助於減緩海嘯波的沖擊力，但巨大而危險的海嘯波對這些地方的沿岸居民仍有威脅。在海嘯警 報發出時，遠離所有沿岸低窪地區才是萬全之策。（資料來源：國家海洋環境預報中心網站）
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