轉基因蚊能被用來散佈瘧疾疫苗接種

如果培植到有關疍白質，用來打有害疫苗點算？醫治人的同時亦可作為一件犀利的殺人武器，令人防不勝防。

轉基因蚊能被用來散佈瘧疾疫苗接種
Genetically modified mosquitos could be used to spread vaccine for malaria
A genetically engineered mosquito that vaccinates as it bites has been developed by scientists.
一種基因工程蚊子已被科學家開發，它叮咬時可接種疫苗。
By Richard Alleyne, Science Correspondent
Published: 7:30AM GMT 19 Mar 2010

Experts believe "flying vaccinators" could eventually be a radical new way of tackling malaria.
專家相信“飛行的接種者”，可能最終成為一個激進的新方式去解決瘧疾。
The new approach targets the salivary gland of the Anopheles mosquito.
新做法的目標是瘧蚊的唾液腺。
Scientists in Japan have engineered an insect producing a natural vaccine protein in its saliva which is injected into the bloodstream when it bites.
日本的科學家已策劃一種昆蟲，在其唾液生產一種天然疫苗蛋白質，在它叮咬時疫苗蛋白質會被注入血液。
The "prototype" mosquito carries a vaccine against Leishmania, another potentially fatal parasite disease spread by sand flies.
蚊子“原型”攜帶疫苗針對利甚曼原蟲，另一種由沙蠅傳播可能致命的寄生蟲疾病。
Leishmania infection can cause painful sores, fever and weight loss and if untreated may destroy the liver and spleen.
利甚曼原蟲感染會引起痛苦的潰瘍、發燒、體重減輕，和如果治療不確，可能會破壞肝臟和脾臟。
Mice bitten by the vaccinating insect generated antibodies against the Leishmania organism, indicating immunisation.
老鼠被疫苗的昆蟲叮過，會產生抗體對抗利甚曼原蟲生物，象徵免疫接種。
"Following bites, protective immune responses are induced, just like a conventional vaccination but with no pain and no cost," said study leader Professor Shigeto Yoshida, from Jichi Medical University in Shimotsuki, Japan.
“叮咬後，保護性免疫反應會被引發，就像傳統的疫苗，但沒有痛苦和沒有成本，”研究領導日本Jichi醫科大學吉田繁教授說。
"What's more, continuous exposure to bites will maintain high levels of protective immunity, through natural boosting, for a life time. So the insect shifts from being a pest to being beneficial."
“更多的是，持續暴露於被叮咬，通過自然提高將保持高度的保護性免疫一生。所以昆蟲由害蟲轉化成有益的。”
The research is reported in the journal Insect Molecular Biology.
研究是被報導於昆蟲分子生物學刊物上。
Scientists are still working on developing an effective malaria vaccine, so Prof Yoshida's study was very much a "proof of concept".
科學家們仍在努力開發有效的瘧疾疫苗，所以吉田教授的研究在很大程度上是一個“概念證明”。
Ethical considerations may also get in the way of using "flying vaccinators" to control malaria, he said.

Such a strategy would involve the mass delivery of a vaccine without first obtaining the consent of patients or monitoring dosages.

Each year malaria claims between one and two million lives around the world, mostly of African children.

The disease is caused by a single-celled parasite spread by the Anopheles mosquito.

Scientists have looked at a number of ways of genetically modifying the insect to stop it transmitting the organism.

They include making male mosquitoes infertile, and creating a malaria-free insect that will out-survive the carriers.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7473887/Genetically-modified-mosquitos-could-be-used-to-spread-vaccine-for-malaria.html

日本科學家欲用蚊子通過叮咬為人接種疫苗
2010年03月23日09:10

北京時間3月23日消息，據國外媒體報道，日本科學家開發出一種蚊子疫苗，將蚊子進行改造后，這些昆虫叮咬人類就不會再傳播疾病，而是起到了注射疫苗的作用。

　　日本研究人員通過改變蚊子的DNA，改變了它們傳染疾病的能力，並把它們成功地打造成“會飛的疫苗接種員”。蚊子在叮咬時，通常會在受害者皮膚中注入一滴唾液來阻止受害者血液凝結。

　　該研究發表在《昆虫分子生物學》雜志上，在這項研究中，日本研究人員在蚊子唾液蛋白中添加了一種可引發免疫反應的抗原。負責這項研究的日本自治醫科大學分子遺傳學家茂戶吉田教授表示，他們還在制作一種有效的瘧疾疫苗，並稱該研究“証明了一個概念”。

　　但是，茂戶吉田承認，因為相關規定和道德因素，這項研究成果恐怕難以付諸實踐。每個蚊子的叮咬數目存在很大差別， 因此被叮咬的人們得到的疫苗量也有很大不同。倫敦皇家學院的分子生物學家羅伯特·辛登也認為，管理部門不會同意把這種蚊子放出去。(秋凌)

（責任編輯：趙竹青）
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