伯南克橫行無忌
Bernanke Running Amuck
by Martin D. Weiss, Ph.D. 03-22-10
在美元的歷史上美國政府第一次極端濫用金錢印刷機：
Fed Chairman Bernanke is running amuck, and for the first time since the birth of the U.S. dollar, our government is egregiously abusing its power to print money.
美聯儲局主席伯南克橫行無忌，並自美元誕生以來，首次我們的政府是過份地濫用它的權力印刷鈔票。
Specifically, from September 10, 2008 to March 10 of this year, he has increased the nation’s monetary base from $850 billion to $2.1 trillion — an irresponsible, irrational and insane increase of 2.5 times in just 18 months.
具體來說，從 2008年9月10日至今年3月10日，他已經增加了國家的貨幣基礎，從八千五百億美元到2.1兆億美元 --僅在 18個月內，一項不負責任的、非理性的和瘋狂的2.5倍增加， 。
It is, by far, the greatest monetary expansion in U.S. history. And you must not underestimate its sweeping historical significance.
到目前為止這是美國歷史上最大的貨幣擴張，和你絕不能低估它廣闊的歷史意義。
美聯儲局如何視歷史為廢物
並威脅到我們國家的未來
How the Fed Is Trashing History
And Threatening Our Nation’s Future
Precisely 217 years and 50 weeks ago, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton established the dollar as America’s national currency when Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1792.
Since that memorable date, the United States has suffered through one pandemic, two great depressions, 11 major wars, and 44 recessions.
Four U.S. presidents have been assassinated while in office.
Hundreds of thousands of businesses have gone bankrupt; tens of millions of Americans have lost their jobs.
In the wake of these disasters, there were, to be sure, monetary and fiscal excesses. But never did the U.S. government resort to extreme abuses of its money-printing power! Never did it make that unforgivable blunder!
Until now.
Now, all those years of suffering and sacrifice — all that history of leadership and discipline — have been trashed. All for the sake of perpetuating America’s addiction to spending, borrowing, and the wildest speculations of all time.
較大的抗議聲
Louder Voices of Protest
I am not the only one who has shouted this warning from the rooftops. Others, more prominent than I, have also raised their voices in protest …
Thomas Hoenig — president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and the lone dissenter in last week’s meeting of the Fed’s Open Market Committee — is among the most prominent.
He sees three possible pathways for our nation’s fiscal and monetary policy:
Path #1 — Monetize. The government runs massive deficits and borrows without restraint. At the same time, the Federal Reserve monetizes the debt — finances it by running the nation’s printing presses. This is the path of least resistance for politicians … and of greatest danger to the nation.
Yet, unfortunately, as evidenced by the explosion in the monetary base illustrated above, it’s also the speedway down which the Fed is now racing.
Path #2 — Policy stalemate. As in path #1, the government runs massive deficits and borrows without restraint. But the Federal Reserve refuses to finance it. Instead, the Fed lets the natural supply and demand for debt drive interest rates higher.
Soon, the government finds it is too expensive — or nearly impossible — to borrow. And ultimately, Washington has no choice but to slash spending despite any near-term consequences.
This is what’s happening to many governments around the world right now — not only in Greece, but also in California, Arizona, New Jersey, Massachusetts, plus scores of other state and local governments across the USA. In the final analysis, Washington cannot avoid a similar day of reckoning.
Path #3 — Fiscal discipline. The government takes strong pro-active steps to reduce the deficit. This is, of course, extremely tough politically in the absence of a massive fiscal and financial crisis. But unless pursued promptly and aggressively, the government winds up forced to do it anyhow — albeit with more urgency and greater trauma for the country and its people.
Hoenig explains the choices this way:
“When I was named president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in 1991, my 85-year old neighbor gave me a 500,000 mark German note. He had been in Germany during its hyperinflation, and told me that in 1921, the note would have bought a house. In 1923, it would not even buy a loaf of bread. He said, ‘I want you to have this note as a reminder. Your duty is to protect the value of the currency.’ That note is framed and hanging in my office.
“Someone recently wrote that I evoked ‘hyperinflation’ for effect. Many say it could never happen here in the U.S. To them I ask, ‘Would anyone have believed three years ago that the Federal Reserve would have $1.25 trillion in mortgage-backed securities on its books today?’ Not likely. So I ask your indulgence in reminding all that the unthinkable becomes possible when the economy is under severe stress.
“If German hyperinflation seems an unrealistic example from the distant past, then let’s come forward in time. Many have noted that in the 1960s, the Federal Reserve’s willingness to accommodate fiscal demands and help finance spending on the Great Society and the Vietnam War contributed to a period of accelerating price increases.
“Although the Federal Reserve was a reluctant participant, it accepted the view that monetary policy should work in the same direction as the Congress and the administration’s goals and help finance at least part of their spending programs. Monetary policy accommodation during this period contributed to an increase in inflation from roughly 1½ percent in 1965 to almost 6 percent in 1970. It also helped set the stage for the Great Inflation of the 1970s as inflation expectations gradually became unanchored …
“Walter Bagehot’s famous dictum about banks holds equally true for governments — once their soundness is questioned, it’s too late. At that moment, governments and their citizens are forced to make sizeable, painful fiscal adjustments.”
David Walker — former head of the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) and president of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation — fears a Greece-like Armageddon for the U.S. by 2012.
One of his main arguments: The nation’s fiscal disaster, no matter how horrible it may be based on the official numbers, is actually far worse than advertised.
His own words:
“The Greeks engaged in a variety of creative accounting practices, and there were a lot of big and bad surprises that caused this situation to arise. The U.S. has [also] been engaged in a lot of creative accounting for years with regard to the Social Security trust funds …
“[And] now, we’ve got major creative accounting going on with government-sponsored entities — Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. We own a super-majority of them, but we’re not consolidating them into the financial statements. We don’t consolidate the Federal Reserve into the financial statements [either].
“The bottom line is: We’re not Greece. But we could end with the same problems down the road if we don’t get spending under control and start dealing with our structure deficits soon.”
How soon? Walker points to 2012.
“My view,” he says, “is that, if you look at total debt to GDP, we’re already over 85 percent. We’re going to be at 100 percent within two years.
“What’s even more troubling is that we have to go to foreign lenders to finance our debt. Fifty percent of our public debts are held by foreign lenders, and … the Fed has been buying our debt at record rates to hold down interest rates.”
My father, J. Irving Weiss — founder of our Sound Dollar Committee — had probably the greatest impact of all on the public awareness of these dangers.
The big difference: That was a half century ago.
In 1959, he launched a national, grassroots campaign that prompted an estimated 11 million Americans to demand an end to federal deficits. And he helped President Eisenhower pass the last truly balanced budget — without creative accounting — in our nation’s history.
Unfortunately, however, despite valiant attempts to repeat that success, no national movement of this magnitude or impact has emerged since.
In the New York Times and Wall Street Journal ads that launched our Sound Dollar Committee’s campaign in 1959, Dad warned about the future dangers:
“Inflation is a narcotic. It soothes and exhilarates while doing its deadly work.
“Already it has reduced our dollar to half of its purchasing power. It is the killer rampant in our midst, threatening to destroy us as it has other countries whose rulers thought they could have a little bit of controlled spending and inflation; a little cheapening of their money. THEN IT WAS TOO LATE.
“Deficit spending [and inflation] are the twin poisons which are undermining your future. Some people say we need deficit spending by our governments for prosperity and growth. But they forget that the means can destroy the end.”
Back in those days, like today, inflation was not perceived to be an imminent threat. But those who ignored it later lived to regret their complacency.
And like today, Dad was certainly not the only one raising his voice in protest. Also widely quoted in the Sound Dollar Committee’s campaign were his associates, supporters, and other contemporaries, including:
Bernard Baruch — advisor to U.S. presidents Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and several others — who wrote: “Inflation flows from the selfish struggle for social advantage among pressure groups. Each seeks tax cuts or wage raises for itself while urging the others to make the sacrifice and with little regard for the national interest.”
Lyndon B. Johnson — while still U.S. Senator and not yet presiding over the greatest fiscal disaster of that era — who said: “We all know that the end of such a spending spree would be fiscal insolvency.”
William M. Martin, Jr. — then chairman of the Federal Reserve — who declared: “No greater tragedy, short of war, could befall the free world than to have our country surrender to the easy delusion that a little inflation, year after year, is either inevitable or tolerable. For that way lies ultimate economic chaos.”
Senator J.W. Fulbright — who, thanks to our Sound Dollar Committee campaign, shifted his vote to “yes” in favor of Eisenhower’s balanced budget — said: “Excessive inflation in the long run destroys the will to work and the will to save, which are the foundations of our economic system. Inflation is a deadly enemy of a free capitalistic system.”
你能做什麼
What You Can Do
First, stay alert to different kinds of inflation.
第一，對不同類型的通貨膨脹保持警覺。
Even if consumer price inflation does not rear its ugly head, there are other forms of the disease that can do equal damage to the dollar and the country — the monetary inflation I have told you about today … asset inflation, which creates dangerous bubbles … plus inflation based on wild speculation that ultimately ends in financial meltdowns.
即使消費物價通膨不會抬起醜陋的頭，還有其它形式的疾病，對美元和國家能做到同等的損害 - 我今天告訴你的貨幣通貨膨脹...資產膨脹，它創造危險的泡沫...加上通貨膨脹建基於胡亂猜測，最終結束在金融的熔毀。
Second, find out as much as you can about the dangers and possible solutions. A great place to start: David Walker’s new book, Comeback America: Turning the Country Around and Restoring Fiscal Responsibility.
第二，找出盡可能多的危險和可能的解決辦法。一個好的起步點：大衛沃克的新書"美國返來：反轉國家和恢復財政的責任。
Third, stand by for more information on our Sound Dollar Committee. We are getting ready to launch new efforts, and I’ll let you know just as soon as it’s time to start taking action.
第三，準備更多的資料關於我們的健全美元委員會。我們正在準備推出新的努力，和我將讓你知道，剛正當它是開始採取行動的時候。
Good luck and God bless!
祝你好運，願上帝保佑！
Martin
http://www.moneyandmarkets.com/bernanke-running-amuck-6-38429
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