維他命D'引發和武裝'免疫系統
Vitamin D 'triggers and arms' the immune system
Vitamin D is crucial to the fending off of infections, claims new research.
維他命D在擋開傳染是至關重要的，新的研究宣稱。
By Richard Alleyne, Science Correspondent
Published: 6:00PM GMT 07 Mar 2010
The so-called sunshine vitamin, which can be obtained from food or manufactured by human skin exposed to the sun, plays a key role in boosting the immune system, researchers believe.
所謂的陽光維生素，它可從食物或人體皮膚暴露在陽光下製造，在刺激免疫系統方面飾演著一個關鍵角色，研究人員相信。
In particular it triggers and arms the body's T cells, the cells in the body that seek out and destroy any invading bacteria and viruses.
尤其是它引發和武裝人體的T細胞，那細胞在體內是找出並摧毀任何入侵的細菌和病毒。
Scientists at the University of Copenhagen have discovered that Vitamin D is crucial to activating our immune defences and that without sufficient intake of the vitamin, the killer cells of the immune system – T cells – will not be able to react to and fight off serious infections in the body.
哥本哈根大學的科學家發現，維生素 D在激活我們的免疫防衛是關鍵的，如果沒有攝入足夠的維生素 D，免疫系統的殺手細胞 - T細胞 - 將無法反應和打走體內的嚴重感染。
For T cells to detect and kill foreign pathogens such as clumps of bacteria or viruses, the cells must first be ‘triggered’ into action and "transform" from inactive and harmless immune cells into killer cells that are primed to seek out and destroy all traces of invaders.
對於 T細胞來檢測和殺害外籍病原體，如細菌或病毒簇，T細胞必須首先被引發'採取行動，和從不活躍和無害的免疫細胞“轉化”成殺手細胞，它們首要是找出和摧毀侵略者的痕跡。
The researchers found that the T cells rely on vitamin D in order activate and they would remain dormant, ‘naïve’ to the possibility of threat if vitamin D is lacking in the blood.
研究人員發現T細胞依賴維生素 D以激活，和如果血液中缺乏維生素 D，它們將保持休眠、'天真'地面對可能性威脅。
Professor Carsten Geisler from the Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, said: "When a T cell is exposed to a foreign pathogen, it extends a signalling device or ‘antenna’ known as a vitamin D receptor, with which it searches for vitamin D.
"This means that the T cell must have vitamin D or activation of the cell will cease. If the T cells cannot find enough vitamin D in the blood, they won’t even begin to mobilise. ”
The discovery, the scientists believe, provides much needed information about the immune system and will help them regulate the immune response.
This is important not only in fighting disease but also in dealing with anti-immune reactions of the body and the rejection of transplanted organs.
Active T cells multiply at an explosive rate and can create an inflammatory environment with serious consequences for the body.
After organ transplants, T cells can attack the donor organ as a ‘foreign invader’. In autoimmune diseases, like arthritis or Crohns Disease, T cells mistake fragments of the body’s own cells for foreign invaders, leading to the body launching an attack upon itself.
For the research team, identifying the role of vitamin D in the activation of T cells has been a major breakthrough.
“Scientists have known for a long time that vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and the vitamin has also been implicated in diseases such as cancer and multiple sclerosis, but what we didn’t realise is how crucial vitamin D is for actually activating the immune system – which we know now, ” said the researchers.
The findings, continues Professor Geisler, “could help us to contain infectious diseases and global epidemics.
They will be of particular use when developing new vaccines, which work precisely on the basis of both training our immune systems to react and suppressing the body’s natural defences in situations where this is important – as is the case with organ transplants and autoimmune disease.”
Most Vitamin D is produced as a natural by-product of the skin’s exposure to sunlight. It can also be found in fish liver oil, eggs and fatty fish such as salmon, herring and mackerel or taken as a dietary supplement.
The findings are published in the latest edition of Nature Immunology.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7379094/Vitamin-D-triggers-and-arms-the-immune-system.html
研究發現維生素D有助激活人體免疫系統
曹淑芬
2010年03月14日13:56
丹麥哥本哈根大學的研究人員發現，維生素D對激活人體免疫系統十分重要，但全球有半數人口體內的維生素D不足，這可能意味著他們的免疫系統殺傷T細胞在對抗感染時沒有足夠的戰斗力。
人體內大多數的維生素D是在皮膚接受陽光照射時自然產生，食用魚肝油、雞蛋、?魚、鯡魚、鯖魚等脂肪含量高的魚類或補充劑也可攝入維生素D，從而提高免疫力。
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