會對抗每種類型流感的疫苗

打一針未來十年有效
萬能疫苗抵禦所有流感
2010年07月17日
流感病毒出現很多變種，即使注射疫苗也未必能抵抗所有病毒，不過美國科學家目前正研製一種能抵抗所有流感病毒的萬能疫苗，只要打一針，未來十年也不怕流感，政府亦可免除預先儲備疫苗的麻煩，萬能疫苗預計最快三年後可在人類身上進行測試。

包括 H5N1禽流感
美國國家過敏症及傳染病研究所的科學家，以老鼠、雪貂和猴子進行測試，首先為牠們注射含流感病毒血凝素 DNA的疫苗，產生的免疫反應，比現時的流感疫苗更大，之後研究人員再為動物注射加強劑，裏面含有普通季節性流感疫苗，兩劑疫苗結合後，動物的免疫系統隨即產生大量抗體對抗流感病毒，研究結果顯示，打齊兩針的老鼠，有八成仍然生存，而雪貂和猴子的測試結果亦同樣理想。
疫苗不只針對單一種流感病毒，研究人員發現，疫苗對一系列甲型流感病毒品種都有免疫功效，包括曾在本港肆虐的 H5N1禽流感，以及多種曾造成大量病人死亡的季節性流感病毒，因此研究人員相信就算流感病毒如何變種，萬能疫苗都有力抵抗病毒。疫苗最快三年後在人類身上臨床測試。英國《每日郵報》

http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20100717&sec_id=15335&subsec_id=2756&art_id=14249072

會對抗每種類型流感的疫苗
Vaccine that will protect against every type of flu
A "universal" flu vaccine that protects against many strains of the virus could be available within a few years, scientists have said.
一“宇宙通用”流感疫苗，可保護針對多種株病毒，可能會在幾年內提供，科學家們已說。
By Richard Alleyne, Science Correspondent
Published: 12:05AM BST 16 Jul 2010
The new vaccine would protect against many strains of the flu virus Photo: ALAMY
新疫苗將防止許多株流感病毒 圖片：ALAMY

They believe they have solved the problem of designing a "one fits all" jab using a new two-step approach to immunisation.
他們相信他們已解決設計一種“一針攪掂哂”刺戳的問題，使用一種新的二步方法去免疫。
Early safety trials of the vaccine have already started and it could be tested on patients as early as 2013.
疫苗的早期安全試驗已經開始，和它早至2013年可以在病人上進行測試。
Working with mice, ferrets and monkeys, the US team "primed" the immune system with a "base" of influenza DNA. They added a "booster" consisting of a regular seasonal flu vaccine which increased and broadened its immunity. The vaccine's effectiveness improved each year until, theoretically, recipients would be immune to flu.
與小鼠、雪貂和猴子工作，美國隊伍以一流感DNA的“基地”“灌注”免疫系統。他們增加一個包括有一常規的季節性流感疫苗的“助推器”，那增加和擴闊它的免疫性。疫苗的有效性每年改進直到，理論上，受助人將對流感免疫。
The "priming" or base vaccine came from a 1999 virus but antibodies were generated that neutralised viruses of different sub-types and from different years, the researchers report in the journal Science.

Mice and ferrets were able to fight off viruses dating from before 1999, including the deadly strain of 1934, and also strains from 2006 and 2007. The vaccine was also effective against H5N1 "bird flu".

Dr Gary Nabel, the study leader from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland, said: "We are excited by these results.

"The prime-boost approach opens a new door to vaccinations for influenza that would be similar to vaccination against such diseases as hepatitis, where we vaccinate early in life and then boost immunity through occasional, additional inoculations in adulthood.

"We may be able to begin efficacy trials of a broadly protective flu vaccine in three to five years.” The scientists measured how well the prime-boost vaccine protected mice and ferrets against deadly levels of flu virus.

Three weeks after receiving the boost, 20 mice were exposed to high levels of 1934 flu virus and 80 per cent survived. When mice were given only the “prime” or “boost” elements alone, or a sham vaccine, all died.

Similar results were seen in ferrets, which are good predictors of flu vaccine effectiveness in humans.

Flu viruses are notorious for their ability to mutate and become resistant to vaccines. Antibodies target a lollipop-shaped flu virus surface protein called haemagglutinin (HA). But the structure of the protein’s “head” mutates readily, allowing the virus to go undetected when it changes form. The new vaccine generates “universal” antibodies that aim for the “stick” of the HA lollipop, which varies little from strain to strain.

Professor John Oxford, Britain’s leading flu expert and a virologist at St Bart’s and Royal London hospitals, said: “This a new and interesting approach and they are a very respected group. I would take this very seriously. They seem to have identified a universal or general antibody that attacks many different types of virus.”

“This is something that we have been after for a long time but the next stage is crucial. Many new vaccines fall at the human trial stage.”

Professor Hugh Pennington, Britain’s leading microbiologist, of Aberdeen University, said: “It is an exciting and attractive approach. We really do desperately need something along these lines. It is a nice idea but the proof will be in the pudding and seeing whether it works in humans.”
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/7893553/Vaccine-that-will-protect-against-every-type-of-flu.html

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