駐阿富汗美軍九萬多份機密文件遭洩密：維基解密

駐阿富汗美軍九萬多份機密文件遭洩密
更新時間 2010年 7月 26日, 格林尼治標準時間06:04
白宮說，洩密事件可能會給駐阿美軍及其盟軍士兵的生命構成威脅。

一家國際解密網站公布了大量駐阿富汗美軍的秘密文件，其中包括未公開的阿富汗平民死亡數字等許多方面的細節。

英國《衛報》、美國《紐約時報》和德國《明鏡周刊》都轉載了「維基解密」網站周日（7月25日）公布的九萬份美軍秘密文件。

這被形容為是美軍歷史上最大的一次洩密事件。

白宮譴責該事件為「不負責任之舉」。

這些洩露的文件顯示，北約擔心阿富汗反叛組織得到了鄰國巴基斯坦和伊朗的幫助，而且塔利班已經擁有具有熱能跟蹤的便攜式導彈。

此外，美國陸海軍組成特別部隊，開展抓捕和暗殺反叛組織首腦的行動；在一些塔利班路邊炸彈攻擊事件和美軍攻擊行動失誤中喪生的阿富汗平民數字沒有被公布。

「危及安全」
美國國家安全事務顧問瓊斯將軍說，這些文件洩密「可能會給美軍及其盟軍士兵的生命構成威脅並危及美國的國家安全」。

他說，這些文件涵蓋了奧巴馬總統出台阿富汗新政策之前2004年至2009年美軍在阿富汗的情況。

「維基解密」說，基於對消息來源者的承諾，為把危害減少到最低限度，它決定推遲公布另外1.5萬份文件。

《衛報》和《紐約時報》說，他們雖然沒有和洩露文件者取得聯繫，但卻花費了數周的時間對文件的真偽進行了檢驗。

http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2010/07/100726_us_afghan_leak.shtml

維基解密阿富汗文件：下載關鍵的事件成為一張電子表格
Wikileaks Afghanistan files: download the key incidents as a spreadsheet
Key incidents from the Wikileaks Afghanistan war logs selected by Guardian writers. As a spreadsheet, with co-ordinates
• Get this data
• INTERACTIVE: These key incidents mapped
• Glossary of military terms

Posted by Simon Rogers
Sunday 25 July 2010 22.00 BST
guardian.co.uk
Key incidents from the Wikileaks Afghanistan data mapped
來自 Wikileaks的阿富汗關鍵事件數據成圖

It must be one of the biggest leaks in intelligence history. An archive of almost 90,000 files has come to light thanks to Wikileaks, logging the history of the war in Afghanistan, practically blow-by-blow. We've trawled through these incidents to help you make sense of the key events.

We have reproduced full military logs behind more than 200 of the key events from the database – you can navigate around them. But if you want to download this data to play with it yourself, this is the place to come.

These detailed reports show coalition forces' attacks on civilians, friendly fire incidents and Afghan forces attacking each other – so-called green on green.

Before you can read the original reports, however, these logs need a bit of explanation. Here's how they're organised:

Each entry is divided into lots of columns. Some contain map references and the like – which we've used to map some of the incidents for instance.

Here is what the columns mean:

Col A: Key
This is the unique indentifying code for each incident - if you have this, it makes it much easier to find.

Col G: Date and time
Obvious - and in UK format (dd/mm/yy) which is used by Nato forces, rather than the US format (mm/dd/yy). It also often includes the time each incident occurred. They run from 2004 up to the end of 2009.

Col H: Type
This section describes the type of incident. "Friendly fire" for instance, means coalition troops mistakenly firing on each other. "Friendly action" on the other hand, means "fighting started by our side" rather than an enemy attack.

Col I: Category
This can have similar information - but with slightly more detail. 'Blue-blue' for instance, means our own troops shooting at each other.

Col L: Title
This often has a brief summary of how many people were KIA – killed in action or WIA – wounded in action.

Col M: Summary
This is the really important entry. It contains a short account of what happened, - although it's often, but not always, written in pretty impenetrable military jargon. We have put together a glossary of the key terms here.

Cols T to AA: statistics
There follow some columns for statistics – friendly troops, host nation, civilians 'KIA' or 'WIA'. Unfortunately, they are highly unreliable and the authors – many of them in the field of battle - often simply failed to fill them in.

Col AH: CCIR
This is sometimes important – it may say "likely to cause negative media" or that there is a "credible allegation" civilians have been killed.

We've also put together an interactive map of every IED – improvised explosive device – attack, all 16,000, where you can see how the number has rocketed since 2004.

The data we have selected is below – as an Excel file (Google spreadsheets can't cope with the enormous amount of text in these documents). What can you do with it?

Download the data

• DATA: download the full list as a spreadsheet (XLS file)

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/datablog/2010/jul/25/wikileaks-afghanistan-data#data

駐阿美軍大批報告遭泄密 揭出部分阿富汗戰爭內幕
2010年07月26日10:30
來源：新華網

一家國際解密網站25日張貼出大量駐阿富汗美軍的保密文檔，揭出不少阿富汗戰爭內幕。白宮當天發表聲明稱，這些文檔泄露可能危害美國國家安全。

　　張貼出這些文檔的是專門發布涉密信息的“維基解密”網站。這家網站當天下午發布的文檔超過9萬份，主要為2004年1月至2009年12月間駐阿富汗美軍人員及情報人員撰寫的報告，主要描述美軍參與的軍事行動，但也包含了各種情報信息、美方人員和各方政治人物會面的細節等內容。美國媒體認為，這是美國歷史上最大的軍事情報泄密事件之一。

　　根據這些文檔披露的信息，美國官員懷疑巴基斯坦情報部門多年來一直在對塔利班等阿富汗武裝組織提供指導﹔塔利班方面獲取並使用了地對空導彈，可追蹤飛機的熱信號發動攻擊﹔美軍特種部隊牽頭成立了一支特別部隊，專門暗殺或抓捕塔利班目標。此外，這些文檔還揭露出阿富汗平民傷亡的實情，以及塔利班不斷升級的路邊炸彈攻擊等。

　　在公布這些報告之前，“維基解密”將這些文件分別提供給美國《紐約時報》、英國《衛報》和德國《明鏡》周刊，三家新聞媒體25日同時在網站上刊登出關於此事的報道。

　　美國總統國家安全事務助理詹姆斯·瓊斯說，美國政府強烈譴責在網上發布保密信息的組織或個人。他稱，這些信息可能危害國家安全，讓美方及盟友人員面臨危險。他抱怨說，“維基解密”沒有事先知會美國政府它掌握了這些情報，美方需要從新聞媒體獲知此事。（王豐豐　杜靜）
http://world.people.com.cn/BIG5/12249230.html

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