Top 10 Ways to Destroy Earth
Translation by Autumnson Blog
Whether it took the Earth 4.5 billion years to get to where it is today (or a mere seven days), destroying it might take a lot less time. Sam Hughes presents a host of methods for ending the planet -- and life -- as we know it. Enjoy!
無論地球是否用了45億年來達到今天這地步（或僅僅是七天），摧毀它可能衹要花很少的時間。山姆休斯介紹一些方法來結束地球 -和生命- 正如我們所知道的。享受！
- By Sam Hughes
10.存在失靈
existence failure
You will need: nothing
你將需要：沒有
Method: No method. Simply sit back and twiddle your thumbs as, completely by chance, all 200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms making up the planet Earth suddenly, simultaneously and spontaneously cease to exist. Note: the odds against this actually ever occurring are considerably greater than a googolplex to one. Failing this, some kind of arcane (read: scientifically laughable) probability-manipulation device may be employed.
方法：沒有方法，衹坐低和玩弄你的拇指，完全是偶然，全
200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
構成地球的原子突然地、同時地和自動地不復存在。注：這實際上曾發生的可能性是相當大於一巨數(後面帶10的100次方個零的數目)對一....
Utter, utter rubbish.
9.被奇異微子吞嚥
Gobbled up by strangelets
You will need: a stable strangelet
你將需要：一粒穩定的奇異微子
Method: Hijack control of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York. Use the RHIC to create and maintain a stable strangelet. Keep it stable for as long as it takes to absorb the entire Earth into a mass of strange quarks. Keeping the strangelet stable is incredibly difficult once it has absorbed the stabilizing machinery, but creative solutions may be possible.
方法：劫持紐約長島布魯克海文國家實驗室內的相對論重離子對撞機的控制，使用RHIC去創造和保持一穩定的奇異微子。儘量長久保持它穩定，當它在吸收整個地球進入大規模的奇異夸克。一旦它吸入穩定的機械裝置，保持奇異微子的穩定是非常困難的，但創造性的解決方案是可能的。
A while back, there was some media hoo-hah about the possibility of this actually happening at the RHIC, but in actuality the chances of a stable strangelet forming are pretty much zero.
Earth's final resting place: a huge glob of strange matter.
8.被吸進一個微觀黑洞
Sucked into a microscopic black holeYou will need: a microscopic black hole. Note that black holes are not eternal, they evaporate due to Hawking radiation. For your average black hole this takes an unimaginable amount of time, but for really small ones it could happen almost instantaneously, as evaporation time is dependent on mass. Therefore you microscopic black hole must have greater than a certain threshold mass, roughly equal to the mass of Mount Everest. Creating a microscopic black hole is tricky, since one needs a reasonable amount of neutronium, but may possibly be achievable by jamming large numbers of atomic nuclei together until they stick. This is left as an exercise to the reader.
你將需要：一個微小的黑洞。註意黑洞並不是永恆的，它們會蒸發由於霍金的輻射....
Method: simply place your black hole on the surface of the Earth and wait. Black holes are of such high density that they pass through ordinary matter like a stone through the air. The black hole will plummet through the ground, eating its way to the center of the Earth and all the way through to the other side: then, it'll oscillate back, over and over like a matter-absorbing pendulum. Eventually it will come to rest at the core, having absorbed enough matter to slow it down. Then you just need to wait, while it sits and consumes matter until the whole Earth is gone.
方法：衹擺您的黑洞在地球的表面上和等待。黑洞有此高密度，因此們通過普通物質時就像空氣中的一塊石頭，黑洞將下降到地面，吃出路來到地球的中心和全程通往另外一邊：然後，它將會擺動回來，一遍又一遍地像吸收物質的鐘擺。最終它將會在核心休息，在已吸收足夠的物質而慢下來。然後你只需要等待，儘管它坐著和消耗物質，直到整個地球消失了。
Highly, highly unlikely. But not impossible.
高度、高度不可能，但並非不可能。
Earth's final resting place: a singularity of almost zero size, which will then proceed to happily orbit the Sun as normal.
Source: "The Dark Side Of The Sun," by Terry Pratchett. It is true that the microscopic black hole idea is an age-old science fiction mainstay which predates Pratchett by a long time, he was my original source for the idea, so that's what I'm putting.
7.被物質 /反物質反應所炸毀
Blown up by matter/antimatter reaction
You will need: 2,500,000,000,000 tons of antimatter
您將需要：2,500,000,000,000噸的反物質
Antimatter - the most explosive substance possible - can be manufactured in small quantities using any large particle accelerator, but this will take some considerable time to produce the required amounts. If you can create the appropriate machinery, it may be possible - and much easier - simply to "flip" 2.5 trillion tons of matter through a fourth dimension, turning it all to antimatter at once.
Method: This method involves detonating a bomb so big that it blasts the Earth to pieces.
方法：此方法涉及引爆一炸彈，那麼大因此它將地球炸成碎片。
How hard is that?
那有多難？
The gravitational binding energy of a planet of mass M and radius R is - if you do the lengthy calculations - given by the formula E=(3/5)GM^2/R. For Earth, that works out to roughly 224,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Joules. The Sun takes nearly a WEEK to output that much energy. Think about THAT.
To liberate that much energy requires the complete annihilation of around 2,500,000,000,000 tonnes of antimatter. That's assuming zero energy loss to heat and radiation, which is unlikely to be the case in reality: You'll probably need to up the dose by at least a factor of ten. Once you've generated your antimatter, probably in space, just launch it en masse towards Earth. The resulting release of energy (obeying Einstein's famous mass-energy equation, E=mc^2) should be sufficient to split the Earth into a thousand pieces.
Earth's final resting place: A second asteroid belt around the Sun.
Earliest feasible completion date: AD 2500. Of course, if it does prove possible to manufacture antimatter in the sufficiently large quantities you require - which is not necessarily the case - then smaller antimatter bombs will be around long before then.
6.被真空能量引爆所摧毀
Destroyed by vacuum energy detonation
You will need: a light bulb
你將需要：一個燈泡
Method: This is a fun one. Contemporary scientific theories tell us that what we may see as vacuum is only vacuum on average, and actually thriving with vast amounts of particles and antiparticles constantly appearing and then annihilating each other. It also suggests that the volume of space enclosed by a light bulb contains enough vacuum energy to boil every ocean in the world. Therefore, vacuum energy could prove to be the most abundant energy source of any kind. Which is where you come in. All you need to do is figure out how to extract this energy and harness it in some kind of power plant - this can easily be done without arousing too much suspicion - then surreptitiously allow the reaction to run out of control. The resulting release of energy would easily be enough to annihilate all of planet Earth and probably the Sun too.
方法：這是有趣的一種，當代科學的理論告訴我們，我們能看到的真空東西只是平均地真空，和真正地茁壯以大數量的粒子和反粒子不斷地出現，及然後消滅對方。它亦提出，空間的體積由一個燈泡封閉，包含了足夠的真空能量去煮熟世界上的每一個海洋。因此，真空能量可證明是任何能量來源的形式中最豐富的...
Slightly possible.
稍微可能
Earth's final resting place: a rapidly expanding cloud of particles of varying size.
Earliest feasible completion date: 2060 or so.
Source: "3001: The Final Odyssey," by Arthur C. Clarke
5.被吸進一個巨大黑洞
Sucked into a giant black hole
You will need: a black hole, extremely powerful rocket engines, and, optionally, a large rocky planetary body. The nearest black hole to our planet is 1600 light years from Earth in the direction of Sagittarius, orbiting V4641.
你將需要：一個黑洞，十分強大的火箭引擎，和選擇性地，一個大岩石的行星體。最近我們星球的黑洞是距離地球1600光年，在人馬座的方向，軌道 V4641。
Method: after locating your black hole, you need get it and the Earth together. This is likely to be the most time-consuming part of this plan. There are two methods, moving Earth or moving the black hole, though for best results you'd most likely move both at once.
方法：在你找出黑洞後，你需要令它和地球一起，這可能是這計劃中最耗時的部分。有兩種方法，移動地球或移動黑洞，雖然為取得最佳效果，你會最有可能即時移動兩者。
Very difficult, but definitely possible.
非常困難，但絕對有可能。
Earth's final resting place: part of the mass of the black hole.
Earliest feasible completion date: I do not expect the necessary technology to be available until AD 3000, and add at least 800 years for travel time. (That's in an external observer's frame of reference and assuming you move both the Earth and the black hole at the same time.)
Sources: "The Hitch Hiker's Guide To The Galaxy," by Douglas Adams; SPACE.com
4.細心和有系統地被解構
Meticulously and systematically deconstructed
You will need: a powerful mass driver, or ideally lots of them; ready access to roughly 2*10^32J
你將需要：一強力的質量驅動器，或理想地很多個；準備接近大約 2* 10^32J
Method: Basically, what we're going to do here is dig up the Earth, a big chunk at a time, and boost the whole lot of it into orbit. Yes. All six sextillion tons of it. A mass driver is a sort of oversized electromagnetic railgun, which was once proposed as a way of getting mined materials back from the Moon to Earth - basically, you just load it into the driver and fire it upwards in roughly the right direction. We'd use a particularly powerful model - big enough to hit escape velocity of 11 kilometers per second even after atmospheric considerations - and launch it all into the Sun or randomly into space.
方法：基本上，我們在這裡要做的是掘地球，一大塊一次，和推動它的整段進入軌道。是的，它的全部六 sextillion(千的七乘方)噸。一個質量驅動器是一種超大的電磁軌道炮，它曾經被提議作為一種方法去開採從月球返回地球的礦物 - 基本上，你只要加載到驅動器和向上大致的正確方向發射。我們會想用一特別強力的模型-大到足以達到打擊每秒11公里的逃逸速度，即使在大氣中的考慮 - 和發射它的全部到太陽或隨機地到太空。
Alternate methods for boosting the material into space include loading the extracted material into space shuttles or taking it up via space elevator. All these methods, however, require a - let me emphasize this - titanic quantity of energy to carry out. Building a Dyson sphere ain't gonna cut it here. (Note: Actually, it would. But if you have the technology to build a Dyson sphere, why are you reading this?) See No. 6 for a possible solution.
If we wanted to and were willing to devote resources to it, we could start this process RIGHT NOW. Indeed, what with all the gunk left in orbit, on the Moon and heading out into space, we already have done.
Earth's final resting place: Many tiny pieces, some dropped into the Sun, the remainder scattered across the rest of the Solar System.
Earliest feasible completion date: Ah. Yes. At a billion tons of mass driven out of the Earth's gravity well per second: 189,000,000 years.
Source: this method arose when Joe Baldwin and I knocked our heads together by accident.
3.被鈍器的影響粉碎
Pulverized by impact with blunt instrument
You will need: a big heavy rock, something with a bit of a swing to it... perhaps Mars
你將需要：一塊沉重的大石頭，某些東西對它有點搖擺...也許火星
Method: Essentially, anything can be destroyed if you hit it hard enough. ANYTHING. The concept is simple: find a really, really big asteroid or planet, accelerate it up to some dazzling speed, and smash it into Earth, preferably head-on but whatever you can manage. The result: an absolutely spectacular collision, resulting hopefully in Earth (and, most likely, our "cue ball" too) being pulverized out of existence - smashed into any number of large pieces which if the collision is hard enough should have enough energy to overcome their mutual gravity and drift away forever, never to coagulate back into a planet again.
方法：本質上講，如果你足夠大力打它，任何東西都能被摧毀，任何東西。概念是簡單的：找一塊真的非常大的小行星或行星，加速它達到一些令人眼花繚亂的速度，和粉碎它進入地球，最好是正面的但你能設法做到的也好。結果是：一個絕對精彩的碰撞，有望導致地球內（而且最有可能的，我們的“白波”亦是）被粉碎至不再存在 - 粉碎成任意數量的大塊，如果碰撞是足夠大力的，應該有足夠的能量去克服彼此間的重力和永遠地漸行漸遠，灰飛煙滅永不能再凝結成一個星球。
A brief analysis of the size of the object required can be found here. Falling at the minimal impact velocity of 11 kilometers per second and assuming zero energy loss to heat and other energy forms, the cue ball would have to have roughly 60% of the mass of the Earth. Mars, the next planet out, "weighs" in at about 11% of Earth's mass, while Venus, the next planet in and also the nearest to Earth, has about 81%. Assuming that we would fire our cue ball into Earth at much greater than 11km/s (I'm thinking more like 50km/s), either of these would make great possibilities.
Obviously a smaller rock would do the job, you just need to fire it faster. A 10,000,000,000,000-tonne asteroid at 90% of light speed would do just as well. See the Guide to moving Earth for useful information on maneuvering big hunks of rock across interplanetary distances.
Pretty plausible.
頗似有理的。
Earth's final resting place: a variety of roughly Moon-sized chunks of rock, scattered haphazardly across the greater Solar System.
Earliest feasible completion date: AD 2500, maybe?
Source: This method suggested by Andy Kirkpatrick
2.被馮諾依曼機吃掉
Eaten by von Neumann machinesYou will need: a single von Neumann machine
你將需要：單一的馮諾依曼機
Method: A von Neumann machine is any device that is capable of creating an exact copy of itself given nothing but the necessary raw materials. Create one of these that subsists almost entirely on iron, magnesium, aluminum and silicon, the major elements found in Earth's mantle and core. It doesn't matter how big it is as long as it can reproduce itself exactly in any period of time. Release it into the ground under the Earth's crust and allow it to fend for itself. Watch and wait as it creates a second von Neumann machine, then they create two more, then they create four more. As the population of machines doubles repeatedly, the planet Earth will, terrifyingly soon, be entirely eaten up and turned into a swarm of potentially sextillions of machines. Technically your objective would now be complete - no more Earth - but if you want to be thorough then you can command your VNMs to hurl themselves, along with any remaining trace elements, into the Sun. This hurling would have to be achieved using rocket propulsion of some sort, so be sure to include this in your design.方法：一部馮諾依曼機是只被給予必要的原材料，有能力創造它本身的精確副本的裝置。創建這的一個，存續下去幾乎完全依靠鐵、鎂、鋁和矽，主要的元素被發現於地球的地幔和地核。它的大少沒有所謂，只要它在任何時段能夠自我複製，釋放它入地殼下的地面和讓它自生自滅。觀看和等待當它創建第二部馮諾依曼機，然後們創造多兩部，然後們創造多四部。隨著機器的數額重覆地增加一倍，可怕地很快，地球將被完全吃掉和變成潛質地一群 sextillions的機器。技術上你的目標現在是完全的 - 地球不再了 .....
So crazy it might just work.
如此瘋狂它可能剛衹會運作。
Earth's final resting place: the bodies of the VNMs themselves, then a small lump of iron sinking into the Sun.
Earliest feasible completion date: Potentially 2045-2050, or even earlier.
Source: "2010: Odyssey Two," by Arthur C. Clarke
1.被投擲入太陽
Hurled into the Sun
You will need: Earthmoving equipment
你將需要：移動地球的設備
Method: Hurl the Earth into the Sun. Sending Earth on a collision course with the Sun is not as easy as one might think; even though you don't actually have to literally hit the Sun (send the Earth near enough to the Sun (within the Roche limit), and tidal forces will tear it apart), it's surprisingly easy to end up with Earth in a loopy elliptical orbit which merely roasts it for four months in every eight. But careful planning can avoid this.
方法：投擲地球入太陽。發送地球上一個與太陽碰撞的航程不是如人所想那麼容易的；即使你不實際上要實質地擊中太陽（發送地球到足夠近太陽（在洛希極限內），和潮汐的力量將會把它撕開），它是異常地輕鬆終結地球，在一多圈的
橢圓軌道，它只純是在每八個月烤它四個月，但小心的規劃可避免這種情況。
This is impossible at our current technological level, but will be possible one day, I'm certain. In the meantime, may happen by freak accident if something comes out of nowhere and randomly knocks Earth in precisely the right direction. Earth's final resting place: a small globule of vaporized iron sinking slowly into the heart of the Sun.
在我們目前的技術水平這是不可能的，但有一天將有可能，我敢肯定....
Earliest feasible completion date: Via act of God: 25 years' time. Any earlier and we'd have already spotted the asteroid in question. Via human intervention: given the current level of expansion of space technology, 2250 at best.
Source: "Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers," by Grant Naylor
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